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Structural and functional diversities in lepidopteran serine proteases

100%

Srinivasan A., Giri A. P., Gupta V. S.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

2006

tom 11

nr 1

Primary protein-digestion in Lepidopteran larvae relies on serine proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin. Efforts toward the classification and characterization of digestive proteases have unraveled a considerable diversity in the specificity and mechanistic classes of gut proteases. Though the evolutionary significance of mutations that lead to structural diversity in serine proteases has been well characterized, detailing the resultant functional diversity has continually posed a challenge to researchers. Functional diversity can be correlated to the adaptation of insects to various host-plants as well as to exposure of insects to naturally occurring antagonistic biomolecules such as plant-derived protease inhibitors (PIs) and lectins. Current research is focused on deciphering the changes in protease specificities and activities arising from altered amino acids at the active site, specificity-determining pockets and other regions, which influence activity. Some insight has been gained through in silico modeling and simulation experiments, aided by the limited availability of characterized proteases. We examine the structurally and functionally diverse Lepidopteran serine proteases, and assess their influence on larval digestive processes and on overall insect physiology.

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Structural diversity and production of alder stands on former agricultural land at high altitudes

80%

Vacek Z., Vacek S., Podrazsky V., Kral J., Bulusek D., Putalova T., Balas M., Kalouskova I., Schwarz O.

Dendrobiology

2016

tom 75

The paper deals with the structural diversity and production of a less frequently studied type of alder stands originated on former agricultural lands in the 1950s, established partly by plantation and partly by natural succession in the area of the Krkonoše Mts. and the Orlické hory Mts. (Czech Republic). Four permanent research plots (PRP) were established at sites where Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and Grey alder (Alnus incana L. Moench.) naturally occurs, each plot of 0.25 ha in size. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure and development of the alder stands with respect to biodiversity, horizontal, vertical and species structure, diameter increment with emphasis on climate factors, and the quantity and quality of timber production. The results document low diversification of the studied stands in the PRPs. The horizontal structure is defined as random and clumped at sites at the highest altitude with high water table. The number of living trees with DBH ≥ 4 cm ranges between 556 to 828 trees ha-1 with the relative stand density index (SDI) 0.67–0.77. The stand volume ranges from 247 to 393 m3 ha–1, and decreases with higher altitudes. Low temperatures is limiting factor for radial growth in the high mountain areas, respectively low precipitation in the middle lands. Owing to a rather specific site character, as especially the spring area, the stands exhibit only average production, but the production quality is generally high. The quality timber is suitable for industrial use; the rot-affected trunk base parts usable for fuel represent only approximately 16%.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

1 Dendrobiology

1 Balas M.

1 Bulusek D.

1 Giri A. P.

1 Gupta V. S.

1 Kalouskova I.

1 Kral J.

1 Podrazsky V.

1 Putalova T.

1 Schwarz O.

1 Srinivasan A.

1 Vacek S.

1 Vacek Z.

1 2016

1 2006

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Structural and functional diversities in lepidopteran serine proteases

Structural diversity and production of alder stands on former agricultural land at high altitudes