Rape straw is a waste product of rapeseed oil production that can be processed for use by burning. This study examined the processing of rape straw ash into compound fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and microelements by granulation using additives from sugar factories, such as sugar factory lime and molasses. Rape straw ash was examined by chemical analysis, differential scanning calorime- try-thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The optimum parameters of compound fertilizer granulation and the main physicochemical properties of the product, such as particle size distribution, moisture content, pH, and particle-crushing strength were determined using standard methods. The results of our investigation show that compound fertilizers of 0-6-2l-23CaO-2MgO grade can be obtained from rape straw ash using sugar factory lime and molasses.
In a 3-year pot experiment changes in selected properties of acid light loamy sand induced by lime-treated sewage sludge (LS) admixture were studied. Single LS admixtures were applied in the following doses: 2% and 5% that corresponds to 56 and 140 Mg·ha-1, respectively; the same amounts were mixed with sugar-beet flume washing earth from a sugar plant sediment tanks (for a 10% dose it corresponds to 280 Mg·ha-1) and ash from a straw-fired boiler (corresponding to 0.9 Mg·ha-1). The results were compared to a control sample (0 soil only) and to a standard mineral NPK fertilisation for maize.
Sugar-beet washing earth (1), ash from a straw combustion furnace (2), and a mixture of both those waste products (3) were added once to pots with light soil. Subsequently, lime stabilised sewage sludge from a treatment plant in Zamość, was added in the amounts equal to 2 and 5% of the soil weight. The control "0" contained no sludge. On those substrata, maize was grown in a three-year monoculture. In the beginning and at the end of the study, the level of organic carbon content in the soil, as well as its fraction soluble in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 + 0.1 M NaOH and 0.05 M H2SO4 was determined. It was determined that sewage sludge had the greatest effect on the organic matter, the effect of other waste products were far less pronounced. Sludge addition increased the level of organic carbon proportionally to the amount of sludge used. The absolute content of carbon compounds soluble in pyrophosphate and sulphuric acid also increased, but the proportion of both those fractions in the total amount of organic carbon decreased. It has been established that after three years, the process of slugged organic matter transformation into the humus was already noticeable. Carbon to nitrogen ratio improved and humic acids condensation also increased, while the proportion of mobile compounds (fulvic acids and compounds extracted with H2SO4) decreased, which indicates organic matter stabilisation. A strong correlation between the amount of carbon fractions and maize yield, as well as many other characteristics of the soil and the plants were established.
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