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A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Krasne near Rzeszów in the years 2010–2012. The experiment was established in the split-plot design including the control treatment in 4 replications, on a soil classified as the good wheat complex. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare an effect of several methods of weed control, i.e. mechanical with harrowing , chemical (with the recommended and lowered dose of a herbicide) and combining both of those methods with a reduced dose of a herbicide on the state and degree of weed infestation of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and common wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, Harrowing of durum wheat and common wheat crops, combined with spraying with a dose of the herbicide Granstar Ultra SX 50 SG reduced by a half, limited weed infestation as effectively as the chemical method with the recommended dose of a herbicide. A good effectiveness of harrowing in weed control, including the predominant taxons Chenopodium album and Stellaria media, was obtained in both durum wheat and common wheat cultivars crops. Durum wheat cultivars Durobonus and Duroflavus proved to be less competitive in relation to weeds as compared with common wheat. A similar species composition was observed in the weed communities of tested cultivars, and differences concerned the amounts and air-dry weight of weed species.
The aim of this work was the evaluation of winter wheat secondary weed infestation occurring in spring depending on a tillage system and cultivar. The following research parameters were analyzed: factor I – soil tillage system: a) ploughing, b) reduced tillage – cultivating, c) reduced tillage – disc harrow; factor II – winter wheat cultivar: a) Muszelka, b) Ostka Strzelecka, c) Kohelia, d) Satyna. Herbicide Maraton 375 SC was used in autumn at a dose of 4 l/ha. Weed density was evaluated by counting number of weeds in spring, using square-frame method on the 0.25 m2. The sum of all individual weed species was analyzed on every treatment set up in 4 replicates during 3 years of studies. Log-linear analysis showed that during the first years of reduced tillage systems, the number of weed per area was significantly higher than in the conventional tillage system. Muszelka cultivar showed the most variable weed infestation in comparison to other winter wheat cultivars. The dominant weed, regardless of the winter wheat cultivar and tillage systems, was Viola arvensis. Moreover, ploughing or reduced tillage conditions were favorable for Fumaria officinalis. However, reduced tillage system, using disc harrow provided optimal conditions for growth of Lamium purpureum.
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