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In 24 football players before (A), during (B) and after (C) maximal exercise on the cycloergometer the haematocrit count, haemoglobin concentration and lactate concentration were estimated in the succeeding stages of preparating (I, II, III ) and starting (period (IV, V). The investigations of anaerobic debt 3 minutes after maximal exercise were also performed. The following results were obtained: Haematocrit count: - significant increase A:C (p < 0,001) In I, II, III, IV, V stages, a significant increase A: B (p < 0,05) and B:C (p < 0,05) in the II stage as well as significant increase of A: B (p < 0,001) in the IV stage, lack of significant differences in after- exercise values between succeeding stages of preparating and starting periods. Haemoglobin concentration: significant increase of A:C (p < 0,001) in the I, II, III, IV, V stages and a significant increase of A:B in II (p < 0,001), III (p < 0,05) and IV (p < 0,05 stages, lack of significant differences in the after-exercise stages of preparating and starting periods. Lactate concentration: lactate values (mmol/1) after maximal exercise were: 7,90-2,68 (I), 9,09-2,19 (II); 8,15-1,10 (III); 10,53- 4,64 (IV) and 3,32-0,71 (V), significant increase A:B (p < 0,001) in I, II, III stages of investigatios, A: B (p < 0,001) in I, II, III, IV, V stages and B:C (p < 0,001) in I, II and III stages, significant increate after maximal exercise between I: IV (p < 0,05); I: V (p < 0,001); II:V (p < 0,001); III:IV (p < 0,05); III: V (p < 0,001) and IV:V (p < 0,001). Anaerobic debt: maxima| value of anaerobic debt (7,30-1,021) min, 3760,40-469,89 ml/m2) was found in the third stage of preparating period, significant differences were found between I: III (p < 0,05); I: IV (p < 0,001); III: IV (p < 0,001); II:V (p < 0,05); III:V (p < 0,05) and IV:V (p < 0,05).
The goal of the study was to analyze changes in the hematological parameters of show jumping horses in aerobic training during the yearly training cycle. We also tried to evaluate the effect of these changes on sport results of the horses. Twenty-six noble horses were studied in the research. The investigation lasted from October 2008 until September 2009. That period was divided into trimesters. In each trimester of the training cycle, blood indices (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) were determined, and the Success Sport Index was calculated for each horse. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. All hematological parameters were within the normal range for horses. Changes in some parameters during the yearly training cycle were statistically significant. The values of RBC and HCT were significantly higher in trimester II, and these values coincided with a higher value of the Success Sport Index. MCH and MCHC gradually decreased in consecutive trimesters of the yearly training cycle. The lowest levels of HGB, MCH and MCHC were observed in the last trimester, that is, in the summer competition period, which may suggest some disorders in hemoglobin synthesis. Changes in these parameters were more pronounced in mares and geldings than in stallions. The blood indices and their correlations can provide useful information not only about the health status of the animal, but also about erythoropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis. Analysis of hematological parameters should be performed regularly, and training cycles should be adjusted to erythoropoiesis.
Szczurom szczepu Wistar FL podawano do picia przez 4 mies. wodę zawierającą 50 i 100 mg F-/dm3 . Spowodowało to wystąpienie u zwierząt hiperglikemii fluorkowej, której towarzyszył wzrost stężenia HbA1 i jonów fluorkowych oznaczanych w surowicy krwi.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term exercise of varying intensity on selected hematological blood parameters of horses. The study was conducted on 24 clinically healthy half-blood horses. Blood for designations was collected twice: at the beginning of March, when the indoor season was approaching an end (a smaller number of starts), and at the end of May, when efforts were particularly intensified due to the continuous training and the beginning of the open season (more starts). The whole blood was examined for: the total number of erythrocytes (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and the red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The study was performed using an MS9 hematology analyzer. Mean values were compared between the retrievals (stallions and mares), and animals of both sexes were compared among themselves in collections I and II. The study showed that the growing physical effort of sport horses caused increased rates of hematological parameters, such as RBC, Ht, MCV, RDW in both stallions and mares in collection II compared to collection I. Studies of hematological parameters are an important element of planning and monitoring the workouts of horses.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the changeability of clinical and haematological indices as a result of a standard physical effort of horses. The study included 114 clinically healthy horses representing different groups: breeding horses (27), recreation horses (22) and sport horses (65). The group of sport horses consisted of race horses (11), trotters (15), jumping horses (25) and driving horses (14). The heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) measurements as well as blood collection were performed three times: before exercise, immediately after exercise and after a 30-minute rest. The blood samples were assessed for red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes (L) and neutrophils (N). The study demonstrated that a standard physical exercise in sport horses results in a significant, temporary changes in the values of clinical and haematological indices. The differences of these reactions in animals representing different sport disciplines suggest the relation with the intensity, type and duration of the effort. The highest post-exercise changeability of these indices was found in sport horses (especially driving horses) which were subject to the greatest exercise load. The average post-exercise increase of the values of HR, RR, RBC, Ht, Hb and L was 212; 637; 36; 41; 31 and 50% respectively. A relatively small physical effort of recreation horses did not result in statistically significant changes of these indices except for an increase in the respiratory rate (by about 115%).
After single, maximal physical exercise on ergometer in the investigated sport groups (cyclists-seniors and juniors and weightlifters-seniors) were found: no statistically significant differences in haematocrit count and haemoglobin concentration, increase of leukocytes number in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,001), statistically significant increase of glucose (p < 0,05), free fatty acids (p < 0,05) and total lipids (p < 0,05) concentrations in cyclists-seniors and a significant decrease of glucose concentration (p < 0,05) in cyclists- juniors, statistically significant increase of lactic acid concentration in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and juniors (p < 0,05) so as in weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,001), statistically significant increase of pyruvate in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,05), statistically significant increase of citric acid (p < 0,05) in cyclists-juniors, statistically significant decrtease of T4 in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,05) and slight decrease of T4 in weight-lifters-seniors. In both groups after an exercise occured also a slight decrease of T3 concentration, no significant correlations between hormons of thyroid gland and lactate, pyrurate and citrate, in weight-lifters seniors a correlation between after- -exercise values of T4 and FFA (r = 0,670) and between T3 and FFA (r = 0,730), - befor an exercise occured such correlations: in cyclists- -seniors between rT3 and citrate (r = 0,836) in cyclists- -juniors between T4 and citrate (r = 0,773) and between T3 and citrate (r = 0,638), in weight-lifters seniors between T4 and lactate (r = 0,736) and between rT3 and pyruvate (r = -0,762).
The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic relationships between physiological blood markers tested in dairy heifers during the first 18 months after birth and their subsequent reproductive and productive performance, as well as length of life. The study was conducted on 104 heifers born between 1985-1988 as a result of the crossing of native Black-and-White cattle with the Holstein-Friesian breed. All animals were born, reared and managed until the end of their lives at the same farm. Blood samples were taken according to the following schedule: 2, 21, 42, 90, 200, 440 and 540 days after birth. The whole blood was assayed for glucose and haemoglobin concentrations and haematocrite number, whereas blood serum was assayed for concentrations of urea, total cholesterol, total protein, albumins, and immunoglobulins, as well as AspAT and AlAT activities. Pearson correlations between physiological blood markers and efficiency traits were calculated at the first stage of statistical evaluation of the data. These correlations were low, not exceeding the value of 0.4. There-after a multiple polynomial regression analysis was undertaken, which remarkably increased the predictive value of physiological blood markers. The largest values of the multiple correlation coefficient (Rm) were found for the first calving interval and average lifetime calving interval (Rm 0.93 and 0.80, respectively), followed by pooled fat and protein yield at the first lactation, and milk yield and pooled fat and protein yield per day of life (Rm from 0.66 to 0.76). The Rm value for other dependant variables (age at first calving, length of life, lifetime milk yield, lifetime fat and protein yield) ranged from 0.44 to 0.58. Based on the results of the regression analysis it was determined that glucose, immunoglobulins, urea and the haematocrite number have the highest association with efficiency traits, whereas 2, 21, 90 and 540 days after birth appear to be appropriate ages for testing.
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