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Strict, three-year-long field experiment was performed on degraded Phaeozems, IIIb soil valuation class, with pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.1, of high richness in phosphorus and potassium, medium in magnesium, and low in sulphur. The experiment was carried out in a split-block design with two factors in four repetitions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of various doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg·haˉ¹ ) and sulphur (0, 20, and 60 kg·haˉ¹ ), taking into account their different application methods (in-soil and as foliar fertiliser), on the yield components of spring rapeseed cultivar Star. Fertilisation only with nitrogen significantly increased the values of all the studied components, while the sulphur-only fertilisation increased the number of seeds in siliques, as well as the mass of 1000 grains. The number of seeds per silique in none of the research years was significantly affected by the interaction between nitrogen and sulphur. As far as other characteristics are concerned, considering sulphur alongside nitrogen fertilisation, in general, resulted in a significant increase in their values, in comparison with the control plants.
The basis of the study was a three-year long field experiment, carried out on degraded Phaeozems, IIIb soil valuation class, with neutral pH and low richness in assimilable sulphur. Winter rapeseed cultivar Star was grown. The experiment was set up as a split-block design with two factors (n = 2): the first factor was nitrogen dose (in kg·haˉ¹: 0, 60, 120, and 180), and the second factor was sulphur dose (in kg·haˉ¹: 0, 20, and 60). An additional study aspect was diversification of methods and dates of sulphur application (pre-sowing: in-soil and top-dressing: as foliar fertilizer). For plants unfertilized with sulphur, dose of 120 kg N·haˉ¹ was the most effective in regards to yield-formation, and for plants unfertilized with nitrogen, dose of 20 kg S·haˉ¹. In-soil application of sulphur made it possible to obtain higher grain and protein yield than its foliar application. Including sulphur in nitrogen fertilization made it possible to obtain significantly higher yield of spring rapeseed grain, and also protein content and yield, in particular in the conditions of in-soil sulphur application.
Brassica oilseed crops have very high sulfur requirements. The progressive decrease in the sulfur content of soil, the growing share of cruciferous vegetables in agricultural ecosystems and a significant drop in annual wet and dry deposition of sulfur have prompted a growing body of research into sulfur as a valuable fertilizer ingredient. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sulfur fertilizers applied to soil on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur concentrations in the root residues, straw and oil cake of winter and spring rapeseed. The experimental material was collected from a field experiment conducted in 2005-2008 at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (Poland). The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and sulfur were noted in the oil cake of both winter and spring rapeseed. Potassium levels were highest in the root residues of winter and spring rapeseed. Winter rapeseed accumulated the highest amounts of calcium in roots, and spring rapeseed – in straw. Sulfur fertilizers applied to soil decreased nitrogen concentrations and increased calcium and sulfur levels in the roots of both spring and winter rapeseed, whereas phosphorus concentrations increased only in the roots of winter rapeseed. Sulfur fertilization led to a drop in the potassium content of winter rapeseed roots (by 0.7 g kg-1 DM) and an increase in potassium levels in spring rapeseed roots (by 1.2 g kg-1 DM). The application of sulfur fertilizers significantly increased potassium and sulfur concentrations in the straw of both spring and winter rapeseed (by 1.3-1.7 and 0.5-0.6 g kg-1 DM, respectively). The application of sulfur fertilizers at optimal doses for winter rapeseed significantly increased the calcium content of straw (by 1.3 g kg-1 DM), but did not lead to differences in nitrogen levels. Sulfur fertilization significantly reduced nitrogen (by 0.7 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (by 0.6 g kg-1 DM) concentrations of spring rapeseed straw. The content of all the analyzed macronutrients increased significantly in spring rapeseed oil cake in response to sulfur fertilization. Sulfur also increased the concentrations of the evaluated macronutrients, excluding nitrogen and phosphorus, in winter rapeseed oil cake.
Fieldexperiment with spring rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera f. annua) cultivars Star andLisonne was conductedin the years 1995–1999 at the vicinity of Olsztyn, Poland. The herbicides trifluralin (Triflurotox 250 EC), alachlor + trifluralin (Alatrif 380 EC), metazachlor (Butisan 400 SC) andclopyralid(Lontrel 300) were appliedin spring rape according to recommendations (Zalecenia 1993). The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of the herbicides on glucosinolates content in spring rape seeds. The obtainedresults revealedsignificant effect of meteorological conditions on glucosinolates content. The Star cv. was characterizedby higher level of these compounds in comparison with Lisonne cv. The adequate values were 15.96 µmol g-1 of d.m. and 12.32 µmol g-1 of d.m., respectively. It is evident on the base of the statistical analyses of the obtained results that herbicides modified glucosinolates content in seeds of both cultivars. The level of these compounds was increased as the effect of Triflurotox 250 EC use (data obtainedfrom three years investigations) andAlatrif 380 EC (four years) while Butisan 400 SC activity was unfavourable (four years).
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