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The paper presents the method of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of spray application based on deposit and coverage measurements on artificial targets. This relatively simple and fast method is proposed for small scale comparative field experiments with air-assisted orchard sprayers. Biological efficacy, being very important for the grower, is not enough informative method of evaluation of spraying technique from the cognitive point of view. Therefore fluorescent dye and filter paper as artificial targets was proposed. Water Sensitive Papers (WSP) are the most common artificial targets for spray coverage evaluation. Spray coverage expressed as a percentage of target area covered by spray give additional information what portion of protected area is in direct contact with the chemical. The method is demonstrated for the Joco tunnel sprayer and conventional air-assisted sprayers.
Within the EU project ISAFRUIT (www.isqfruit.org) a Crop Adapted Application System (CASA) was developed to ensure precise, efficient and safe spray application in orchards, according to actual needs of the crop and with respect to the environment. The CASA system consists of three sub-systems: (i) Crop Health Sensor (CHS) iden­tifying heath status of fruit crops, (ii) Crop Identification System (CIS) identifying the tree canopy size and density, (iii) Environmentally Dependent Application System (EDAS) identifying environmental circumstances during spray applications. In order to protect sensitive areas within the orchards surroundings (e.g. surface water, melio­ration wells, public sites) the spray application parameters such as droplet size and air flow velocity need to be carefully adjusted taking into account wind direction and velocity as well as position of sprayer in relation to these areas. On EDAS sprayer wind velocity and direction is measured with an ultrasonic anemometer, and sprayer position is determined by GPS. Nozzles are altered automatically depending on wind situation to adjust droplet size according to drift risk level. A novel fan construction allows the supporting airflow to the left and right hand sections of the sprayer to be adjusted independently. This adjustment is done automatically depending on the wind situation and sprayer position.
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