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The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and sporocarps abundance were investigated in 2003-2005 at nine permanent study plots in a 50-year-old pine forest. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi consist of 53 taxa and the majority of them belonged to the genera Cortinarius, Russula, Amanita and Tricholoma. The most frequent species, whose fruit bodies were found in each study plot, were C. cibarius, L. necator L. rufus, P. involutus, R. aeruginea, T. saponaceumand the most abundant species which made the main part of total sporocarp yield were C. cibarius and P. involutus. The lowest species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi was in study plots with the densest cover of grasses. Maximum of species over the fruiting period was characteristic for October and for September. It was noticed that some species virtually never occurred together at the same plot (e.g. C. cibarius and H. aurantiaca), meanwhile others occurred together quite frequently (e.g. H. aurantiacaand X. badius).
Dominant fungi, especially primary decayers, probably influence other fungi growing together with them. Fomitopsis pinicola is one of the important primary decayers, and it has been shown that several other species regularly co-occur together with it. We asked whether the presence of common species (especially F. pinicola) affects the species richness and composition of other fungi. This study was conducted in an old-growth mountain spruce forest in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic. We surveyed logs on the ground for sporocarps of fungi in three successive years. Characteristics of logs such as dimensions, stage of decay and the cause of tree death (wind, competition, butt rot, bark beetles and unascertained) were recorded. F. pinicola was abundant mostly on logs that originated from trees infested by bark beetles. Analysis of covariance with the volume of logs and decay stage as covariables showed significant effect of these covariables and of F. pinicola presence on species numbers – logs in middle decay stages with the sporocarps of F. pinicola had more species than other logs. Based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis with volume, decay stage and the cause of tree death as covariables, the species composition on logs was also influenced by F. pinicola. We found such statistical effects in several other species. Redlisted species Antrodiella citrinella and Camarops tubulina co-occurred with F. pinicola.
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Morphological properties of sporocarps and spores of Endogone lactiflua (Zygomycota, Endogonales), a fungus for the first time found in Poland, are described and illustrated. Endogone lactiflua was wet sieved and decanted from a sample taken from the zone extending from the upper soil layer to rhizosphere of Pinus sylvestris growing in a forest dune in northern Poland. The recovered spores mainly occurred in large and compact sporocarps, although both small aggregates with a few spores and single zygosporangia of this fungus were also isolated. Endogone lactiflua is the fourth species of the genus Endogone found to occur in Poland. The distribution of the fungus in the world is also presented.
The feeding of adult beetles of Leiopus nebulosus on the fruit-bodies of the fungus Diatrype bullata was observed; the same damages on the fungus colonies were found under natural conditions both cases of the sallow (Salix caprea).
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