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The influence of shear velocity on shear resistance of a sandy clay at different moisture content and stress level during direct shear tests is investigated. The stress ratio and dilatancy relationship gives a new possibility of interpreting the results of direct shear tests results. The mobilized shear resistance is a function of pore pressure in a shear band and possibility of this pressure dissipation into the upper and lower part of the sample. The pore pressure in a shear band is an effect of volume changes and filtration of water from the shear band. Generally, at failure, the pore pressure in the shear band is a function of initial moisture, stress level and shear velocity. At failure, the pore pressure is negative for low moisture and low stress level, and positive for high moisture of soil and high stress level. Moisture level, stress level and shear velocity have significant influence on shear resistance of soil.
Research was conducted to recognize interrelations between morphology and mechanical properties of starch. Microscopic examination, determination of particle size distribution, as well as direct shear and uniaxial compression testing were performed on five types of starch extracted out of: potato, wheat, corn, tapioca and amaranth. Regarding geometrical features (morphology) of granules, three distinct groups of materials were distinguished. Classification of materials based on the results of mechanical testing was found in a close agreement with classification based on morphology. Potato and wheat starches that had relatively large granules (d(0.5) of 41.5 and 20.2 µm) and bimodal particle size distribution showed stress–strain curves with fluctuations, particularly high in the case of potato starch. Tapioca and corn starches had smaller granules of similar sizes (d(0.5) of 15.6 and 13.8 µm, respectively). The uniaxial compression stress–strain curves of the two materials were also very similar, as well as their angles of internal friction. Granules of amaranth starch with d(0.5) of 3.0 µm were several times smaller than those of corn and tapioca starches (parameter d(0.5) is the size in microns at which 50% of the sample is smaller and 50% is larger). As a result, amaranth starch was characterized by relatively weak compressibility and flowability, the lowest of all the materials tested.
The amount of the used waste rubbers in the world has been increasing every year, and their utilization, become a major environmental problem worldwide. The present experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of rubber inclusion on the behavior of a sand. Geotechnical properties of the sand, and sand with tire crumb at various ratios mixtures (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 15%) were investigated through a series of mechanical tests, which are sieving, permeability, direct shear and consolidation. From the results of conducted tests, it is revealed that the addition of tire crumb grains increased both the permeability and the compressional characteristics of the sand. Besides, in this work, inter-granular void ratio (es) was employed as an alternative parameter to express the compressive response of sand-tire crumb mixtures. It is seen that intergranular void ratio concept is a good indicator for understanding the behavior of sands with waste tire crumb.
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