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The aim of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007 was to assess differences between 5 grass species and 5 species of plants belonging to meadow herbs in their ability to accumulate selenium. According to the results, among the grass species, the samples of Arrhenatherum elatuis L. had the highest average Se content (46 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.), and the lowest average Se amount was found in Holcus lanatus L. (24 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.). The content of Se in meadow weeds (70 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.) was approximately twice as high as in grasses (32 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.). Among this group of plants, the highest Se accumulation occurred in Equisetum arvense L. (103 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.) and the lowest – in Taraxacum officinale (59 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.). Both in grasses and in meadow weeds, the Se content significantly depended on the amount of this element in soils. In the following species: Dactylis glomerata L., Arrhenatherum elatius L., Poa pratensis L. and Taraxacum officinale, the amount of accumulated Se was also conditioned by the soil’s abundance in organic and total C.
We have studied the influence of 50 sulfate/selenate ratios in the range of 2; 1.5; 1; 0.5; 0 mM/0.125; 0.25; 0.375; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 mM on biomass growth, glucosinolate biosynthesis and selenium accumulation in T. majus and A. caucasica transformed roots producing Phe-derived glucotropaeolin and Met-derived glucoiberverin, respectively. Gradual decrease in glucosinolate production, more significant in glucoiberverin, was correlated both with the decrease in sulfate and increase in selenate concentrations and with increasing Se accumulation in the biomass of the roots. Both T. majus and A. caucasica transformed roots accumulated high amounts of Se in biomass, up to 2177 ± 81.7 µg·g⁻¹ DM and 3110 ± 97.4 µg·g⁻¹ DM, respectively, in the media with sulfate 0.5; 0 mM/selenate 2.5 mM ratios. In transformed roots cultured at sulfate 1.5; 1; 0.5; 0 mM/selenate 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 mM ratios accumulation of Se into glucosinolate fractions occurred, it reached the maxima at sulfate 0.5 mM/selenate 2.5 mM ratio. In T. majus roots Se accumulation in glucosinolate fraction was by about 50% lower than in A. caucasica ones. These results indicated that selenium enriched hairy roots of T. majus and A. caucasica could be fully controlled sources of both glucosinolates and selenium as supplements for cancer chemoprevention.
Selenium accumulates in the organism of livestock and thus increases the additive value of meat, prolongs its storage time, and improves culinary properties. In addition, selenium in meat is an important source of selenium in human nutrition. The aim of present research was to determine the effects of supplementation of diet with antioxidant preparation containing Se and vitamin E (0.1 mg and 20 mg kg⁻¹, respectively) on the growth of fattening pigs, to assess the selenium accumulation in their organism, and to evaluate its effects on the physical-chemical properties of the meat. Two groups (12 pigs in each) of analogous pigs’ hybrid were investigated. Experimental group got the supplements of antioxidants. Addition of Se and vitamin E preparation to diet had no significant effect on feed intake, animal growth and meat quality indicators. Blood analyses showed the accumulation of trace element selenium in fattening pigs.
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