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The aim of the study was to determine the effect that organic and inorganic selenium-containing compounds had in feed mixtures for laying hens on the morphological quality of their eggs as well as the amount of selenium contained in the egg mass. The feed mixture for the laying hens was composed of maize and wheat meal and supplemented with ground soy and a mineral-vitamin additive. The feed contained 18.3% of crude protein and 10.7 MJ/kg of metabolical energy. Hens from group D1 received a mixture to which 0.3 ppm of an organic selenium compound was added and hens from group D2 were fed a mixture containing 0.5 ppm of the above mentioned element (Sel-Plex® of Alltech Company). The feed for laying hens in group D3 contained 0.3 ppm of inorganic selenium (sodium selenate). The results of the study indicate that both forms of selenium contributed to improving the quality of thick protein, which was expressed in H units. Adding selenium compounds to feed mixtures resulted in significant differences in the content of this microelement in the egg mass. The greatest quantity of selenium (565 ng/g) was contained in eggs from laying hens which received 0.5 ppm of organic selenium in their feed. Eggs from the remaining groups had a similar level of the above- -mentioned element.
The studies were carried out in two stages. The aim of the first stage was to assess the selenium levels in the feed for lambs, as well as in the milk and serum of their dams. The objective of the second stage of studies was to evaluate the impact of using two different doses and sources of selenium (sodium selenite or Se-enriched yeast) on its concentration in lamb serum. The experiment was conducted on 64 lambs divided into four groups, each consisting of 16 animals: group I, the control group - received no additional selenium, group II - received 0.1 mg Se/day/animal (Se-enriched yeast), group III - received 0.2 mg Se/day/animal (Se-enriched yeast), group IV - received 0.2 mg Se/day/animal (Na₂SeO₃). The concentration of Se in feed, milk and serum was determined by means of an atomic absorption spectrometer SpektrAA 220Z with electrothermal atomization and Zeeman background correction (by Varian). Low concentration of selenium in soil, plants and food would suggest a deficiency of this mineral. These results indicate that low Se levels in the serum of lambs generally reflect the level of dietary Se. The results of this study demonstrate that Se from organic sources was markedly more available to lambs than selenium from mineral sources.
The study was conducted on sows (hybrids of wbp × pbz breeds) and their offspring (until day 75 of life) kept on a farm. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on the production performance of the animals, Se content in their blood, the level of Se in sow’s colostrum, as well as Gpx, haptoglobin and immunoglobulin levels in the serum of sows and their offspring. Experimental feed mixtures for pregnant sows (LP), lactating sows (LK) and piglets (prestarter and starter) in each treatment had an identical basic composition, differing only in the type of selenium forms. Group I received a mineral form of Se in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg; group II received a mixture of a Se amino acid chelate and the mineral form of Se (0.1 mg/kg of each); group III received a Se amino acid chelate (0.2 mg/kg), and group IV received Se-enriched yeasts (0.2 mg/kg). Beneficial effects of the organic forms of Se were evident already in the lactation period. Sows, especially those from group II receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se, had a higher feed intake, which was related to a higher milk production during lactation. As a result, on the weaning day, piglets from this group were significantly heavier than the other piglets. After weaning, as well, the piglets in this group were significantly heavier. These results were confirmed by parameters of blood serum and whey colostrum. Selenium as a chelate was more available than the mineral and enriched yeast forms. For this reason, the animals receiving the chelate were healthier (fewer inflammations were noted). The animals in this group also showed a better feed conversion compared with the others. The Gpx level in sows’ serum varied depending on the treatment. The highest level of this parameter was determined in sows from group III (receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se), and it differed significantly from its value in the control group. The results showed that the Gpx level was related to the Se concentration in blood serum, which was also confirmed by a higher production of selenocysteine (a part of Gpx). Cells of the animals from this group were better protected against free radicals. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of organic Se positively affects the performance of animals, but the recommended level in feed is 0.2 mg/kg of a selenium-containing amino acid.
Selenium is an essential element for the proper functioning of mammalian organisms. In many regions of the world, selenium is deficient in the human diet, which is the cause of many diseases. Meat products can be a good source of selenium in the human diet, and pork is traditionally consumed in Poland. Enriching pig feed with selenium can increase its content in pork. The study showed that supplementing the diet of young pigs with various forms of Se in amounts up to 0.5 mg/kg does not decrease fattening parameters or carcass quality. The addition of an organic form of Se had a more favourable effect than inorganic Se on Se concentration in organs and tissues and on the quality of the pork.
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