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Modern forest selection programs concern natural and protected populations of trees characterized by a great genetic variability and also production stands frequently deformed by human activity. In the latter, artificial regeneration is prevailing. Forest nurseries working in the organizational structures of State Forests can guarantee the proper provenance (genotype)of seeds and the quality of seedlings obtained from them. The condition, however, is a close uniformity in the conservation of forest gene resources, and selection breeding of forest trees. The success of the program depends also on the development of modern infrastructure for forest nurseries and applied technologies. The latter task was the field of activity of Professor Bolesław Suszka, Ph.D., and his many-year research and organizational and didactic activity in Poland and abroad. The methods in long-term storage and their pretreatment in case of dormant seeds, developed by Professor Suszka, created the theoretical and practical basis for the conservation of forest gene resources not only in Poland.
Obtaining the maximal number of calves from each cow according to its natural genetic reproduction ability is the main condition of intensification of reproduction and increase of milk production. Twins rate in the black-and-white cattle population in Lithuania is 2.4%. Cows whose mothers have calved twins at least 1 time during reproductive life have twins in 5.6% of all calvings, the others - in 1.9%. Twins rate in separate bulls daughters range from 1% to 6.1%. Twins rate in cows range from 0.4% to 5% by separate bulls-getters. Productivity of 305 days lactation after having twins is better (551.2 ± 68.1 kg of milk, 18.4 ± 2.9 kg of fat and 21.5 ± 2.4 kg of protein, P < 0.001). The rate of twin births increases when lactation is increased. The influence of lactation on rate of twin births is 0.6% in total dispersion (P < 0.001). The influence of calving season on twins rate is statistically insignificant but the parts of twins by calving seasons are distributed differently.
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