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Breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.

100%

Dziurka K., Skrzypek E., Dubert F.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2019

|

tom 88

|

nr 1

Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. is an alpine-subalpine species. Several isolated populations occur in Europe: in the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and in central Sweden. Astragalus penduliflorus is considered as critically endangered species in Poland, growing only at the locality in the Smytnia Valley, in the Western Tatra Mountains. The population is at risk, due to the limited reproduction caused by law rate of seed germination, periodically shortened vegetation period that prevent seed development and gnawing the aerial plant parts by deer. The aim of the study was to explain the reason for the poor germination of A. penduliflorus seeds. As a result of mechanical scarification, 100% of A. penduliflorus seeds germinated, which proved that these seeds are characterized by a water-impermeable seed coat, which classified them as hard seeds that go through physical dormancy. Results obtained in this work can be used for effective reproduction and active conservation of threatened A. penduliflorus.

2

Effects of dormancy breaking in stored seeds on germinability and seedling emergence of Tilia platyphyllos

84%

Tylkowski T.

Dendrobiology

|

2006

|

tom 56

79-84

Fruits of large-leaved lime dried to 10% may be stored for 16 years in sealed containers at –3°C without loosing seed viability. Dormancy of seeds, extracted from hard fruit coats, may be released after chemical scarification in concentrated sulphuric acid for 10 minutes, followed-by stratification without any medium (chilling) at the temperature of 3°C, for 20–24 weeks, i.e. until the first seeds start to germinate. After such pretreatment, during the germination test conducted at alternating temperatures 3~15°C (16 + 8 hours/day) seeds germinate near 90% in several weeks. For seedling production scarified and stratified seeds should be sown in early spring into trays under a plastic tunnel which ensures a high percentage of seedlings emergence. Sowing of the pretreated seeds in spring in a open nursery gives poor results.

3

Dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling emergence from seeds of Crataegus submollis

84%

Bujarska-Borkowska B.

Dendrobiology

|

2007

|

tom 58

9-15

Effects of several stratification variants on seed dormancy breaking were compared in Crataegus submollis Sarg. (hairy cockspur-thorn or Quebec hawthorn). Ripe seeds were collected (in October), cleaned, and dried to a moisture content of 7–12%. Seed dormancy in this species was broken most effectively by warm-cold stratification of nutlets, in a substrate or without any substrate, at 15~25°/3°C or 20~30°/3°C, i.e. with a cyclically alternating warm stage (16+8 hrs or 24+24 hrs/cycle) lasting 16–20 weeks, followed the cold stage lasting ca. 20 weeks, i.e. till the appearance of the first germinating seeds. After stratification, emergence rate is equally high (ca 50%) at cyclically alternating temperatures of 3~15°C and 3~20°C (16+8 hrs). Chemical scarification of nutlets in 96% sulphuric acid for 3 hrs, followed by warm-cold stratification at 20~30°/3°C, with a short, 4-week warm stage, also ensures a high emergence rate (58%). Seed desiccation (in nutlets) slowly to a moisture content of 10–12%, after stratification in a substrate or without any substrate as well as after scarification, results in a reduced emergence rate, especially if seeds are dried to the lower moisture content. Seed storage (in nutlets after drying to a moisture content of 10%) for 10 years at –3°C, does not decrease the emergence rate (93%) after stratification at 20~30°/3°C in a substrate, with a cyclically alternating warm stage (24+24 h) lasting 16 weeks.

4

Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus pedicellata

84%

Bujarska-Borkowska B.

Dendrobiology

|

2008

|

tom 60

51-56

The effects of stratification and scarification on seed dormancy breaking were compared in scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. = C. coccinea L). Ripe fruits were collected (in October) and the extracted nutlets were cleaned, and dried to a moisture content of 9–12%. Seed dormancy in this species was broken most effectively by warm-followed-by-cold stratification of nutlets, in a substrate or without any substrate, as well as at 15~25° or 20~30°C, i.e. with a cyclically alternating warm stage (16+8 hrs or 24+24 hrs/cycle) lasting 16–20 weeks, followed by the cold stage at 3°C lasting ca. 20 weeks, i.e. till the appearance of the first germinating seeds. After stratification, emergence rate is equally high (ca 76%) at cyclically alternating temperatures of 3~15°C or 3~20°C (16+8 hrs). Chemical scarification of nutlets in 96% sulphuric acid for 2 hrs, followed by warm-cold stratification at 20~30°/3°C, with a short, 4-weeks warm stage, also ensures a high emergence rate (85–93%). Seed desiccation (in nutlets) slowly to moisture content of 12–14%, after stratification in a substrate or scarification does not reduce the seedling emergence of seeds. Emergence decreased when seeds were desiccated after stratification without any substrate. Results provide new methods of breaking of dormancy and high germination and emergence of hard-coated Crataegus seeds in controlled conditions.

5

In vitro seed germination and Embryo Culture in Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer

84%

Kaveri S., Rao S.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

|

tom 48

In vitro seed germination and embryo culture have been achieved in Nothapodytes foetida, this plant is known for its rich source of anticancer drug i. e., Camptothecin. In present study both normal and decoated seeds were subjected to different treatments viz., H2O, GA3, H2O2, H2SO4, chlorine water and mechanical scarification, further these were germinated on water agar medium (WA), filter paper bridge (FB), half strength MS (HMS) and full strength MS (FMS) medium. The highest percentage (69%) of germination was achieved from decoated seeds treated with 10mg/L GA3 and germinated on Filter Paper Bridge. And for embryo culture mature embryos were inoculated on MS medium containing various combination and concentrations of cytokinins (BAP, Kn and TDZ) and auxin (IAA and NAA) for rapid conversion into a plantlet. Among the different combinations of growth regulators; highest frequency (100%) of plantlet conversion was obtained on MS medium containing Kn (1.0mg/L) and NAA (0.2mg/L).

6

Sensitivity of Tilia cordata seeds to dehydration and temperature of liquid nitrogen

84%

Chmielarz P.

Dendrobiology

|

2002

|

tom 47 Supplement

The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) seeds to drying and freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Seed samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h at 11 different levels of seed moisture content (m.c.), ranging from 3.1% to 22.8% (fresh weight basis). All samples, including unfrozen control samples, were subjected to scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid (Tylkowski 1998) either before or after freezing. Seed pre-treatment before germination (at 3~15°C/16~8h) involved cold stratification at 3°C without substrate. Seed drying to 3.1% m.c. significantly reduced their germinability (to 63%), as compared to the high germinability (82-88%) of seeds with 5.2-20.9% m.c. Thus seeds of this species can be assigned to the ‘suborthodox' category. Such a high germinability (79-87%) was preserved after freezing in liquid nitrogen in samples dried to 9.0-17.4% m.c. if scarification was performed before freezing, and in samples dried to 9.1-16.2% m.c. if scarification was performed after freezing. The highest percentage of seedlings emerged after freezing in liquid nitrogen from seeds dried to 11.1-20.1% m.c. (emergence 65-75%) if scarification was performed before freezing, and from seeds dried to 7.3-17.8% m.c. (emergence 53%-71%) if scarification was performed after freezing.

7

Germination responses of seeds of three Verbena x hybrida cultivars to temperature and scarification treatments

84%

Chojnowski M., Wilkonska A., Grzesik M.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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1998

|

tom 06

|

nr 2

8

Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

84%

Bujarska-Borkowska B.

Dendrobiology

|

2002

|

tom 47 Supplement

The most advantageous time for collecting fruits of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) falls on October, when they are fully ripe. The stones extracted from the fruits must be dried at room temperature to the moisture content of about 10%. The dormancy of the common hawthorn seeds can be overcome by their stratification in a moist medium in one of the three thermal regimes: - 25°/3°C (16 weeks at 25°C followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when the first seedlings start to appear) - 20~30°/3°C (16 weeks at 20~30°C (16+8 hrs/day) followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when first seedlings start to appear) - 20~30°/3°C (16 weeks at 20~30°C (24+24 hrs) followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when first seedlings start to appear) Having been stratified, the seeds germinate vigorously (in 3-5 weeks) and at a high percentage at temperatures of 3~10°, 3~15°, 3~20° and 3~25°C, (16+8 hrs/day) and the seedlings emerge at 3~20°C (16+8 hrs/day) in 4-6 weeks. Storage for one year at -3°C in the case of the seeds dried after harvest to the moisture content of 10% does not reduce their germination capacity. Stones scarification in concentrated sulphuric acid for 120 minutes followed by stratification at 3°C has an adverse effect on seed emergence at the temperature 3~20°C (16+8 hrs/day). It is recommended that stratified seeds should be sown into the still cool soil at the end of March or the beginning of April, as the increased temperature induces the secondary dormancy in seeds.

9

Wplyw dzialania goracej wody, chemicznej skaryfikacji i czasu przechowywania na kielkowanie nasion slazowca pensylwanskiego [Sida hermaphrodita [L.] Rusby]

67%

Dolinski R.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

|

2009

|

nr 251

293-303

10

Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus laevigata

67%

Bujarska-Borkowska B.

Dendrobiology

|

2006

|

tom 56

3-11

Laboratory experiments were made to determine the optimum conditions for dormancy breaking in the midland hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. = C. oxyacantha L.). Its small applelike fruits should be collected when they are fully ripe (in Poland in October). The nutlets extracted from the fruits must be dried at room temperature to the moisture content of 9–13%. The dormancy of midland hawthorn seeds can be overcome by: (1) stratification in a moist medium: 20~30°C/3°C, 16–20 weeks at 20~30°C (16+8 hrs or 24+24 hrs) followed by 16–18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when first radicles start to appear; or (2) chemical scarification in concentrated sulphuric acid for 2 or 3 hrs, followed by warm stratification at 27.5°C or 20~30°C for 4 weeks and cold stratification at 3°C, lasting 19–21 weeks, i.e. to the time when first radicles start to appear. The stratified seeds germinate vigorously (in 3–5 weeks) and at a high percentage at temperatures of 3~15°C or 3~20°C (16+8 hrs) and all seedlings emerge in such conditions about 4–6 weeks after sowing. Seed germination after stratification or scarification can be stopped by partial desiccation of seeds. Seed desiccation after stratification to the moisture content of 10–13% and sealed storage at –3°C for one year do not reduce seed germination and seedling emergence rates of the previously pretreated seeds. Storage for 20 months at –3°C of seeds dried after harvest to the moisture content of 14% does not reduce their germination and seedling emergence.

11

The effect of mining and vegetation scarification on the survival and establishment of Pinus rotundata Link. and P. sylvestris L. in contrasting peat bog habitats

67%

Mach J., Lanta V., Bastl M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

tom 57

|

nr 2

239-250

The survival and establishment of tree seedlings represents a critical step in the process of forest stand regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of peat mining and vegetation scarification (removal of understorey vegetation and peat moss layer up to depth of 15 cm) on seedling survival and establishment of two congenerous tree species, P. rotundata and P. sylvestris, under different moisture and light conditions. Two long-term experiments with planted and sown seedlings were conducted on three peat bogs in the Bohemian Forest and the Třeboň Basin (Czech Republic). Significant differences in seedling survival and establishment for both pine species were found. The positive effect of lower groundwater level and shading was the best predictor for survival and establishment of planted seedlings of both pine species in a mined peat bog, especially for P. rotundata. Nevertheless, low groundwater level and vegetation scarification had negative effect on P. rotundata seedling survival and establishment in pristine peat bogs. P. rotundata seems to be more adaptable to newly appearing conditions in both environments of abandoned mined peat bog and of vegetation scarification. Our results suggest that it is more reasonable to use seedlings of P. rotundata than seedlings of P. sylvestris to restore mined peat bogs.

12

Wplyw terminu zbioru rutwicy wschodniej [Galega orientalis Lam.] na plon oraz wplyw metody skaryfikacji na jakosc nasion

67%

Sowinski J., Mozdzen E.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

|

2007

|

nr 246

179-190

13

Wplyw krotkiego dzialania goracej wody, chemicznej skaryfikacji i kwasu giberelinowego na kielkowanie nasion slazowca pensylwanskiego [Sida hermaphrodita [L.] RUSBY]

67%

Dolinski R., Kociuba W., Kramek A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2007

|

tom 517

|

nr 1

139-147

Seeds of Virginia mallow freshly harvested and after 6, 12 and 18 months of storage were tested. Two experiments were conducted. In one of them, seeds were soaked for 5, 10 and 20 seconds into the hot water (50-100°C), quickly cooled and sown onto the water-wetted filter paper in Petri dishes. In the other, seeds were immersed for 10, 20 and 30 minutes in concentrated sulphuric acid and after washing out, sown onto the filter paper wetted with water or gibberellic acid solution (1 mmol). Hard seeds of Virginia mallow stopped their dormancy due to hot water treatment. Fresh seeds improved their germination after treatment with water at 100-70°C. After one-year storage, seeds also positively reacted towards 60°C, as well as to 50°C after a year and a half. One-and-half-year-old seeds after treatment with 70°C for 20 seconds showed the best germination (90.5%). Positive influence of chemical scarification on seed germination was observed for all testing dates. Fresh seeds increased their germination after 30 minutes of sulphuric acid treatment from 4.5% to 31.3%, the oldest ones - from 44% up to 91.5%. The influence of gibberellic acid depended on seed coat permeability. Control seeds did not increase the germination due to GA₃. Germination of scarified seeds increased by 0.5-9.7%; the oldest seeds reacted most strongly to the growth hormone.

14

Wplyw skaryfikacji, kwasu giberelinowego i etefonu na kielkowanie nasion i wzrost siewek strelicji krolewskiej [Strelitzia reginae Banks]

59%

Pogroszewska E.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2006

|

tom 510

|

nr 2

479-488

6-miesięczne nasiona strelicji (Strelitzia reginae BANKS) poddano mechanicznej skaryfikacji a następnie moczono je przez 48 godzin w roztworach bioregulatorów: kwas giberelinowy (GA₃) w stężeniu 100, 200, 400, 800 mg‧dm⁻³, etefon w stężeniu 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg‧dm⁻³. Kontrolę stanowiło moczenie nasion w wysterylizowanej wodzie destylowanej. Kiełkowanie nasion odbywało się w ciemności, w temperaturze +26°C. Siewki pikowano do pudełek w podłoże: glina + torf wysoki + kompostowana kora sosnowa (1 : 1 : 1). Stwierdzono, że mechaniczna skaryfikacja okrywy nasiennej prawie trzykrotnie przyspiesza kiełkowanie nasion strelicji i 1,5 raza zwiększa liczbę skiełkowanych nasion. Najszybciej kiełkują nasiona skaryfikowane i moczone w etefonie o stężeniu 1000 mg‧dm⁻³. Największą liczbę skiełkowanych nasion zapewnia mechaniczna skaryfikaeja okrywy nasiennej, a następnie moczenie nasion w kwasie giberelinowym o stężeniu 800 mg‧dm⁻³. Nasiona nieskaryfikowane korzystnie jest moczyć w etefonie o stężeniu 500 mg‧dm⁻³, 2000 mg‧dm⁻³ i 4000 mg‧dm⁻³, co skutecznie zwiększa liczbę skiełkowanych nasion oraz w etefonie o stężeniu 1000 mg‧dm⁻³, co przyspiesza kiełkowanie. GA₃ stosowany na nasiona zarówno nieskaryfikowane jak i skaryfikowane wykazuje działanie stymulujące wydłużanie się siewek, powodując jednocześnie obniżenie świeżej masy roślin w stosunku do kontroli.

Ograniczanie wyników

Breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.

Effects of dormancy breaking in stored seeds on germinability and seedling emergence of Tilia platyphyllos

Dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling emergence from seeds of Crataegus submollis

Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus pedicellata

In vitro seed germination and Embryo Culture in Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer

Sensitivity of Tilia cordata seeds to dehydration and temperature of liquid nitrogen

Germination responses of seeds of three Verbena x hybrida cultivars to temperature and scarification treatments

Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

Wplyw dzialania goracej wody, chemicznej skaryfikacji i czasu przechowywania na kielkowanie nasion slazowca pensylwanskiego [Sida hermaphrodita [L.] Rusby]

Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus laevigata

The effect of mining and vegetation scarification on the survival and establishment of Pinus rotundata Link. and P. sylvestris L. in contrasting peat bog habitats

Wplyw terminu zbioru rutwicy wschodniej [Galega orientalis Lam.] na plon oraz wplyw metody skaryfikacji na jakosc nasion

Wplyw krotkiego dzialania goracej wody, chemicznej skaryfikacji i kwasu giberelinowego na kielkowanie nasion slazowca pensylwanskiego [Sida hermaphrodita [L.] RUSBY]

Wplyw skaryfikacji, kwasu giberelinowego i etefonu na kielkowanie nasion i wzrost siewek strelicji krolewskiej [Strelitzia reginae Banks]