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The research was carried out in north-eastern Poland in the vicinity of the village of Haćki (52°50’00’’N; 23°11’20’’E). This area is distinguished by an exceptionally numerous agglomeration of kames (10). Previous archaeological and soil research showed that kames have been inhabited by man from the iron age, and that the following stages of colonization are reflected in three levels of fossil soils. In modern times local people use the base of kames for the storage of potatoes over the winter. The potato pits are a cultural curiosity found only in this area. They are dug out in the cohesive, fine-grained substratum, which is the building material of kames, down to 1.5-2 m deep. Research plots (16) with a surface area of about 2-5 m2 were established in the potato pits in 1990. In the summer of the same year 16 phytosociological surveys were performed and soil samples taken. The investigated habitats are characterized by very low humidity. The concentration of carbon in the samples from potato pits dug out at the foot of a kame hill (the site of a settlement in the past) results probably from the occurrence of soil from the Roman period. At the present time the pits are covered by poor ruderal flora (approx. 10 species in one phytosociological survey). It is distinguished from other communities of such type by a low participation of species occurring in the xerothermic grasslands.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seeds of species that have survived near small mid-forest settlements for about 50 years after they were abandoned. Seed germination was observed on three squares devoid of vegetation established previously on places of former grasslands and yards. On the plots previously covered by perennial ruderal-meadow vegetation of Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae association, species characteristic for cultivated and ruderal habitats from Aperion spicae-venti, Polygono-Chenopodion and Sisymbrion officinalis alliances grew from the uncovered soil seed bank. In fields of root crops and gardens, the Veronico-Fumarietum officinalis weed association was well developed. In this phytocoenosis, Fumaria officinalis, Oxalis fontana and Papaver dubium occurred abundantly. Among the species that germinated on these plots were Arabidopsis thaliana, Atriplex prostrata, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lamium purpureum, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Veronica persica. Despite renaturalization of formerly strongly transformed areas, re-disturbance of plant cover can reveal part of the former synanthropic vegetation.
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