Genetic associations of reproductive traits in pigs. In the field of genetics, one of the main research area in relation to animal reproduction is the identification of genes or genomic regions influencing reproductive phenotypes. The genes analysed for the determinants of their fertility are among other: LEP, PRL, PRLR, RBP4. With the use of genetic markers, it is possible to identify of both males and females carrying beneficial alleles, and choose reproduce high-quality individuals, which in turn accelerates the genetic improvement of the examined feature. According to literature, about 30% of culling in pig production systems has been primarily due to reproductive problems. Litter size is very important and easily measured reproductive trait, and often included in scientific researches, and defined as the total number of piglets born (TNB) and the number of piglets born alive (NBA). Selection of individuals carrying favourable alleles has the potential to improve reproductive traits and in this connection also sow productive life (SPL). SLP is a measure of the longevity and reproductive performance of a sow and is directly related to the number of viable piglets produced during its lifespan. Because reproductive traits are so multifaceted, researchers are able to consider many different facets of the organism biology to come up with candidate genes and QTLs genes.
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