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The first case of the left displacement of the abomasum was described in 1950 by Begg. Since then, the LDA has been diagnosed worldwide. It has been shown that there is a correlation between its increased occurrence and an increase in the intensity of cattle dairy production. The treatment methods include surgical ones, which are aimed at two objectives: reposition and fixation of the abomasum to the abdominal wall. The methods using the classic laparotomy include median abomasopexy, right-sided omentopexy and left-sided abomasopexy. A second group of surgical methods consists of procedures that are minimally invasive. These include percutaneous fixation, which requires positioning the patient on the back, and laparoscopic procedures performed by Janowicz and modified by Christiansen and later on by Newman. Recently, laparoscopic methods have become increasingly accessible and popular. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic treatment of the LDA, using equipment of the authors’ own design. The study involved the observation of 10 cows (aged between 24 and 90 months) treated surgically not later than 24 hours after the diagnosis. These animals were operated on with modified instruments. The modification presented here consisted in making a tube equipped with a trocar lock, which made it possible to reposition the abomasum non-traumatically and to fix it at the bottom of the abdomen. Signs of normal behaviour were observed, and all animals were eating and ruminating within 3-6 hours after surgery. The modification of the spieker proposed by the authors shortens laparoscopy and makes it safer by eliminating iatrogenic complications, such as accidental perforation of the bowels or diaphragm by the trocar edge.
The aim of the study was to present clinical observations regarding the reposition of uterine torsion in pregnant mares. Treatments were performed in 10 mares hospitalized with a diagnosis of uterine torsion in the period from the 8th to the 11th month of pregnancy, including one mare treated during delivery. In 4 mares, obstetric examination revealed the presence of dead fetuses. In one mare admitted during labor, Kamer’s repositioning technique was applied by inserting a hand through the vagina into the uterus. In all other cases, mares underwent surgical repositioning after laparotomy performed in linea alba. In 4 mares, in which the uterine wall was at risk of rupture during handling because of advanced changes, a caesarean section was performed before repositioning. Eight out of the 9 mares survived treatment and recovered without complications. One of five mares in which live fetuses were left, miscarried, while the other four delivered healthy foals. Uterine torsion reposition by midline laparotomy offers the best possibilities for inspecting the abdominal cavity, including the uterus, and for detecting any other abnormalities of the digestive system. In the case of mares in which fetuses were left, spontaneous delivery had no adverse effect on the healing of the wound.
The increase in the occurrence of LDA in cows stems from the increase in the milk yields from cows. The treatment is based on a surgical method, and its effectiveness has an economic effect. The article below presents progress made in identifying the nature of LDA over the last 50 years. Also included is a critical assessment of contemporary and accepted LDA treatments. The surgical procedure has two aims: repositioning and fastening the abomasum directly to the abdominal wall, which prevents the recurrence of this disease. Over the course of the last 50 years LDA surgery has evolved from the laparotomy method to laparoscopy. This latest method has become more readily available and popular. It is characterized by less invasive surgical techniques and faster recovery, as well as lowering the cost of treatment. However, laparoscopy cannot treat every case. Complications or technical difficulties during an operation sometimes force doctors to finish the surgery by laparotomy. To avoid the problem of having to change the technique during the operation, doctors should choose the most appropriate method for each particular case.
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