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An aim of the research was to test a hypothesis that impact of a shallow hypertrophic reservoir on riverine zooplankton is limited to a short section of the outflowing river because of a rapid conversion of the lentic habitat into the lotic one. The second hypothesis assumed that species richness of zooplankton is increasing along the river due to washing out littoral and benthic species. The study was carried out in the years 2009–2010, during summer-autumn strong dominance of toxic filamentous Cyanobacteria in a shallow hypertrophic humic Siemianówka Dam Reservoir (northeast Poland) and the outflowing Narew River. During research samples were collected on three consecutive days because water requires approximately as much time to cover the distance from the dam down to 118 km of the river. Results of two-year studies confirmed both hypotheses. The hypertrophic reservoir was the huge source of rotifers and crustaceans for the outflowing river. However, a rapid decline was observed in zooplankton abundance below the dam at the distance of 9.1 km. With decreasing share of reservoir dominants along river, an increasing importance of littoral and benthic rotifers constituted ca 0.8% at the dam and 37.5% at 118 km of the river and crustacean ca 4% and 60% respectively. The dam reservoirs similar as fluvial lakes disrupt river continuity by changing the conditions of the zooplankton development. The strongest influence of reservoir on potamozooplankton communities is observed below outlets.
In the Rożnów Reservoir the taxonomic composition of benthic insect larvae assemblages became distinctly poorer. Among midges the genus Procladius still dominated with a usually small participation of Chironomini and other subgroups. In the polluted River Dunajec above and below the reservoir larvae of the genus Cricotopus (Orthocladiinae) occurred in the greatest numbers. In the Czchów Reservoir, its tributary Łososina, and in the Dunajec below the dam the insect fauna was more diverse, particularly Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera. The structure of the benthos assemblages chiefly depended upon the kind of bottom, the current velocity, and the physico-chemical parameters of the water.
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