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Ninety-seven tomato landraces collected from East Anatolian region of Turkey and North-West of Iran, along with three commercial cultivars were evaluated during two years. Experiment was carried out in an alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation (P ≤ 0.01) among genotypes for all the experimental characters. Yield showed a positive and significant correlation with length and width of cotyledon leaf, length and width of true leaf, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, pericarp thickness and fruit peduncle length. In principal component analysis, the first three components explained for 71.6% of total variations among genotypes. Since the first component determined 50% of total variations and yield had high significant coefficient with this component, thus it might be used as s selection criteria to identify genotypes with high yield in breeding programs. Cluster analysis using Ward method classified genotypes into five groups. Groups included: early maturing genotypes in group I, genotypes with high yield in group II, genotypes with large fruit in group III, late maturing and high total soluble solids (TSS) genotypes in group IV and genotypes with high acidity in group V.
The aim of this study was to characterize the turfosa form of Pinus sylvestris from the Gazwa peat bog reserve in terms of 16 anatomical needle traits and to determine whether pines with a typical morphotype inhabiting the peat bog have been so successful thanks to hybridization with the unique tufosa ecotype. Investigations were conducted on three phenotypic groups of Scots pine growing in the peat bog. The first two groups consisted of 30 tufosa trees at the age of 117-217 years and 20 trees at the age of 30-85 years. The third group consisted of typical pines represented by 10 trees at the age of 20-55 years. In total 30 trees of typical pine, surrounding the peat bog, at the age of 100-150 years served as outgroup. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with the F test, Tukey's test, and a number of multivariate analyses were used to estimate differences between the studied groups of trees based on 16 anatomical needle characteristics. The old turfosa form from the Gazwa reserve proved to be a unique and relict peat bog pine, as it was shown by the differences in 10 analyzed needle traits in comparison to pine with a typical morphotype growing in the areas surrounding the peat bog. The young typical pines have adapted to conditions found in the peat bog owing to hybridization with the turfosa forms. The young turfosa trees differed from the old turfosa trees and also they have probably been of a hybrid origin. The old turfosa form from the Gazwa reserve is a threatened ecotype due to its hybridization with pines from the population surrounding the peat bog.
Otrzymywanie mieszańców międzygatunkowych w rodzaju Lupinus należy do trudnych zadań. Przez wiele lat podejmowano próby przełamania barier krzyżowalności między gatunkami L. albus x L. mutabilis. W wyniku tych prac otrzymano niewiele nasion z niektórych kombinacji krzyżówkowych. Rośliny mieszańcowe rozmnożono i oceniono w kolejnych generacjach. Celem porównania mieszańców międzygatunkowych między sobą i gatunkami rodzicielskimi przeprowadzono ocenę materiału pod względem wybranych cech ilościowych. Materiał badawczy stanowiło dziewięć mieszańców na poziomie pokolenia F6 i F7 i dziesięć form rodzicielskich (L. mutabilis XM-5, LM-13, LM-34, Mut-45, MUT.136, MUT-628, L. graecus, L.vavilovi, L.termis, L. albus ‘WAT’). Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy wariancji stwierdzono istotne zróżnicowanie badanych materiałów dla wszystkich analizowanych cech. Biorąc pod uwagę badane cechy sześć mieszańców — (L. termis x L. mutabilis Mut-628), (L. termis x L. mutabilis KW), (L. vavilovi x L. mutabilis Mut.45), (L. vavilovi x L. mutabilis LM.34), (L. mutabilis XM.5 x L. vavilovi), (L. mutabilis LM.13 x L. graecus) było zbliżonych do form matecznych a dwa mieszańce — (L. albus ‘WAT’ x L. mutabilis Mut.136), (L. termis x L. mutabilis XM.5) do form ojcowskich. Masą tysiąca nasion wyróżniły się cztery mieszańce (L. termis x L. mutabilis Mut. 628, L. termis x L. mutabilis KW, L. vavilov x L. mutabilis Mut.45, i L. vavilovi x L. mutabilis LM-34), które zaliczono do tej samej grupy jednorodnej o masie 1000 nasion powyżej 300 g.
Molecular technologies based on markers indicating differences among individuals at the DNA level can play an important role in genetic improvement of carcass traits through marker or gene assisted selection. The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of chromosome 3 affecting carcass traits on Japanese quail using microsatellite markers. Two white and wild strains of Japanese quail were crossed reciprocally and the F1 generation was created. The F2 generation was generated by intercrossing F1 birds. Phenotypic data including weights of hot and cold carcasses,carcass parts and internal organs were collected from 422 F2 birds. The total mapping population (472 birds) was genotyped for microsatellite markers. QTL analysis was performed using the least squares regression interval mapping method. Significant QTL were identified for hot and chilled carcass weights, liver weight, head percentage, uropygial gland percentage, intestine percentage, ovary weight, uropygial gland weight, pancreas percentage (0-36 cM with an additive effect),proventriculus percentage, head weight (6-20 cM with a dominance effect), and gizzard percentage (0 cM with an imprinting effect).
Field trials with open-pollinated progeny of Scots pine were established in 2004 at five climatically different sites of the Polish lowlands. This long-term experiment was aimed to compare the genetic variation and genetic value of the offspring of twenty two seedling seed orchards and two second-generation seed orchard with the offspring of the local so-called economic seed stands, which are the main source of seeds for artificial regeneration of Scots pine in Poland. The early evaluation of quantitative traits of cones, seeds and 1-year-old seedlings attests to remarkable variation between the studied populations. Significant linear correlatios were found between some of the studied traits.
Application of molecular markers makes the selection process much more effective. Marker assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. Epistasis is the interaction between alleles from two or more loci determining the complex traits, and thus plays an important role in the development of quantitative traits of crops. In this paper, the relationships between RAPD marker-by-marker interactions and 22 quantitative traits of caraway (Carum carvi L.) were analyzed. Significant associations of 116 epistatic markers with at least one trait in 2004 as well as 112 in 2005 were found on the basis of multivariate regression analysis. The proportion of total phenotypic variances of individual trait explained by the marker-by-marker interactions ranged from 25.3% to 96.0%.
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