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Plant metallothineins: putative functions identified by promoter analysis in silico

100%

Dabrowska G., Mierek-Adamska A., Goc A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

2012

tom 54

nr 2

Metallothioneins are low-molecular-weight proteins capable of covalently binding heavy metal ions due to the presence of many cysteine residues in their sequences. We analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences of 19 metallothionein (7 from Arabidopsis thaliana and 12 from Oryza sativa) and their promoter sequences in silico in order to determine the potential regulatory cis-elements present in the promoters of metallothionein genes, from which it is possible to determine the putative functions of these genes. The PlantCARE and PLACE databases provided information about the putative regulatory elements in the metallothionein promoters. Metal response element sequences were found in the promoters of eleven O. sativa and two Arabidopsis metallothionein genes. Copper response elements were identified in both model plants, usually in many copies, particularly in O. sativa. Both the high cysteine content and the presence of metal response motifs in the promoters support the suggestion that metallothioneins play a key role in metal detoxification. The most common putative element in the analyzed promoters was CIRCADIAN, which was present in five A. thaliana and eight O. sativa sequences. The methyl jasmonate response sequence, root-specific expression element and drought response element were found only in O. sativa metallothioneins. Light and low temperature response elements, biotic and abiotic stress elements, an abscisic acid-responsive element and an ethylene-responsive element occur in selected metallothionein promoters of both species. A few promoters have putative organ- and cell-specific regulatory elements. The presence of many different motifs in the promoters of the Arabidopsis and O. sativa genes implies that metallothioneins are general stress response proteins with many important functions in plants, including regulation of their normal development and adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

Non-random distribution of GATC sequences in regions of promoters stimulated by the SeqA protein of Escherichia coli

100%

Strzelczyk B., Slominska-Wojewodzka M., Wegrzyn G., Wegrzyn A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2003

tom 50

nr 4

The SeqA protein of Escherichia coli is not only the main negative regulator of DNA replication initiation but also a specific transcription factor. It binds to hemi- methylated GATC sequences and, with somewhat different specificity, to fully methylated GATC regions. Recently, a microarray analysis was reported, in which transcriptomes of wild-type and AseqA strains were compared. Although in the ΔseqA mutant the levels of some transcripts were significantly decreased while certain transcripts were evidently more abundant relative to wild-type bacteria, no correlation between the presence of GATC motifs in promoter sequences and transcription activity was found. However, here we show that when larger DNA fragments, encompassing positions from -250 to +250 relative to the transcription start site, are analyzed, some common features of GATC distribution near the promoters activated by SeqA can be demonstrated. Nevertheless, it seems that the GATC pattern is not the only determinant of SeqA-dependence of promoter activity.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

1 Dabrowska G.

1 Goc A.

1 Mierek-Adamska A.

1 Slominska-Wojewodzka M.

1 Strzelczyk B.

1 Wegrzyn A.

1 Wegrzyn G.

1 2012

1 2003

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Plant metallothineins: putative functions identified by promoter analysis in silico

Non-random distribution of GATC sequences in regions of promoters stimulated by the SeqA protein of Escherichia coli