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The LlPRP2 gene coding for a proline-rich protein shows a high level of similarity to, as well as significant differences from the family of ENOD2 nodule-specific genes. Several sequence motifs with putative regulatory function were identified in the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the LlPRP2 gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of the LlPRP2 gene begins 9 days after inoculation of yellow lupin roots with Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus); the expression is restricted to symbiotic nodules and is not detected in other tissues or organs. Detailed hybridization analysis showed that, when expression is activated, the LlPRP2 transcript is modified so as to produce at least three bands and a continuous distribution of decay intermediates. The modification of the LlPRP2 transcript probably involves degradation from the 5'- and/or 3'-ends of the RNA molecules. Southern blot analysis indicates that only one gene is present in the yellow lupin genome. The presence of genes homologous to the LlPRP2 gene was confirmed for three cultivars of yellow lupin and for Lupinus angustifolius. However, LlPRP2 homologues were not detected in Lupinus albus cv. Bac, indicating that this plant may lack the ENOD2 sequence.
The formation of insoluble wall bound proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and hydroxyproline- glycoproteins (HRGPs) in relation to the growth stage and developchanges was examined in red raspberry primocane cortex. Two cultivars _ Latham' and 'Malling Promise' - differing in growth intensity and in sensitivity to biotic stress were used for the experiments. The level of insoluble cell wall bound ,c the cortical tissues was almost similar in the course of the plants growth ; HRGPs were significantly higher at the end of the vegetation season (August r), especially in 'Malling Promise'. ,e plant sensitivity to biotic stress, based on the response to the fungus Didymella aplanata changed in the period of vegetative growth. At the end of summer the 'vars became more resistant. It has been inferred that the insolubilization of wall PRPs and HRGPs was responsible for the acquiring resistance to D. applanata by 'Malling. Promise', which was previously very susceptible to this fungus.
Acclimation as a mechanism of mitigating the damaging effects of acorn tannins was examined in the Japanese wood mouse Apodemus speciosus Temminck, 1844. Mice were fed the two types of diet: a control diet laboratory chow for mice), and acorns of Quercus serrata (QS), which differ in tannin contents (control = 0%, QS = 2.7% tannic acid equivalent). Body weight changes and digestive abilities were compared between the first stage (Days 1 to 5; Day 0 was defined as the first day of acorn feeding) and the second stage (Days 6 to 10). The amount of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), which are thought to be defensive products to tannins, was measured before and after the experiment. The responses of the wood mice to QS acorns differed between stages: decreases in body weight during the second stage were less than half those that occurred during the first stage; digestive abilities tended to improve; and the relative amount of PRPs after the experiment increased by a factor of five compared with the value recorded before the experiment in the QS-feeding mice. These results suggest that the negative effects of ingesting acorn tannins may be reduced by acclimation, which may result primarily from the induction of PRP production.
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