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Postmenopausal women have higher risks and incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to premenopausal. In Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) studies restricted to younger postmenopausal women show that initiation of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) closer to menopause reduced the risk of CVD. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the actual state of knowledge connected with the influence on transdermal hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), in early postmenopausal women, on the concentrations of sex hormones, lipids, coagulation markers and other parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. In women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy, the significant decrease of concentrations of TC, LDL-C, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and the increase of concentrations of HDL-C, PC-protein, PS-protein and antithrombin III in blood serum were found. This regimen did not increase arterial blood pressure. Conclusions: 1. In early postmenopausal women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy the levels of estradiol, estrone and progesterone in blood serum assured the optimal concentration of these hormones. − 2. Long-term transdermal hormonal replacement therapy in early postmenopausal women resulted in beneficial effects on the concentration of sex hormones, lipids, coagulation markers and other parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. − 3. Favourable biophysical and biochemical results of the long – term transdermal hormonal replacement therapy, indicate that the presented mode of hormonal treatment is the procedure of choice in the prophylaxis and treatment of early postmenopausal women with the biochemical risk factors of arteriosclerotic vascular diseases.
Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant cancer among women in Poland. As we do not have sufficient knowledge about origin of this disease, women’s awareness and attitudes concerning the few well-known BC risk factors play a key role in the prevention and early detection of BC. Material and methods. The questionnaire was answered by 380 women, 45 years and older, in Poland between May and August 2017. This randomly selected research group included subjects with a prior history of BC, a current diagnosis of BC, and healthy women without any history of BC in the past. Women were asked about their knowledge and attitudes concerning BC risk factors. Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, taking into account place of residence and education level. Results. Among probable BC risk factors, the most commonly indicated by the women were gene mutations (60%), long-term use of hormonal contraception (49%) and overweight and obesity (38%). The most rarely indicated factors were late full-term pregnancy (12%), childlessness (21%) and alcohol consumption (26%). About 72% of the respondents assessed their knowledge about BC as good or very good, but only 41% of this group indicated overweight and obesity - one of the strongest risk factors – as contributing to BC. Moreover, only 26% of women who assessed themselves as having a high level of knowledge perceived alcohol consumption as a risk factor. Conclusions. Results suggest that education in this age group should be more efficient and more focused on raising awareness about well-known BC risk factors.
Celem pracy była ocena aktywności fosfatazy zasadowej (Fz) i kwaśnej (Fk) w surowicy szczurów po usunięciu jajników oraz po zastosowaniu estrogenowej terapii zastępczej. Oceniono również związek pomiędzy gęstością mineralną kości (BMD) żuchwy i kręgosłupa a parametrami metabolizmu kostnego. Stężenie fosfatazy zasadowej i kwaśnej było najwyższe u zwierząt z niedoborem estrogenów, a podawanie 77-ß estradiolu znamiennie obniżyło poziom badanych markerów. Stwierdzono również istotną ujemną korelację Fz i Fk z BMD żuchwy i kręgosłupa.
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