The aim of the study was to describe a new method used for diagnosing uterine disorders and to present preliminary results regarding the incidence of this kind of endometritis in dairy cows. For its diagnosis, samples must be taken from the lumen of the uterine horns. This requires a special tool which consists of a catheter open at both ends/on both sides, a mandrel and a brush for the collection of samples. After sampling the brush is rolled on cytological glass, and the smear is stained using one of the classic methods. Following this procedure, a number of polimorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), other white cells and epithelial cells are counted. In order to diagnose the disorder, the percentage of PMNL is considered. In our trials, conducted in two experimental herds, subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 69.7% of cows in one herd and in 38.3% of cows in the other herd during the fourth week post partum. Two weeks later, the incidence of this disease dropped to 43.3% and 17%, respectively. Only in 12.1% and 8.7% of cows after parturition the number of PMNL grew with the passage of time. More research is needed to evaluate the influence of cytological endometritis on reproductive performance and to examine the pathological and physiological nature of this disorder.
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