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1

CK2: a protein kinase in need of control

100%
Boldyreff B., Guerra B., Issinger O. G., Pinna L. A.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
|
1998
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tom 03
|
nr 3
2

Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription by Maf1 protein

86%
Ciesla M., Boguta M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2008
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
215-225
Maf1 was the first protein discovered to regulate polymerase III RNA in yeast and because it is evolutionarily conserved, a Maf1 ortholog also serves to restrain transcription in mouse and human cells. Understanding the mechanism of the regulation has been made possible by recent studies showing that Maf1 is a nuclear/cytoplasmic protein whose subcellular distribution and hence negative regulation of Pol III transcription is mediated by the nutrient-sensing signaling pathways, TOR and RAS. Under stress conditions and during growth in a nonfermentable carbon source Maf1 is dephosphorylated and imported to the nucleus. In its non-phosphorylated form, Maf1 interacts with the polymerase III transcription machinery. Phosphorylation serves to locate Maf1 to the cytoplasm under favorable growth conditions, thereby preventing it from non-negatively regulating polymerase III when high levels of tRNA transcription are required. Relocation of Maf1 to the cytoplasm is dependent on Msn5, a carrier responsible for export of several other phosphoproteins out of the nucleus. The absence of Maf1-mediated control of tRNA synthesis impairs yeast viability in nonfermentable carbon sources. Moreover, in cells grown in a nonfer mentable carbon source, Maf1 regulates the levels of different tRNAs to various extents. This differential regulation may contribute to the physiological role of Maf1.
3

Self-association of Chaetopterus variopedatus sperm histone H1-like. Relevance of arginine content and possible physiological role

86%
Salvati D., Conforti S., Conte M., Matassa D. S., Fucci L., Piscopo M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2008
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
701-706
Self-association of histones H1 from calf thymus and from sperm of the marine worm Chaetopterus variopedatus was studied on native and glutaraldehyde cross-linked molecules by PAGE and by salt-induced turbidity measurements. Multiple polymers were generated by native sperm histone H1-like after glutaraldehyde cross-linking while the same treatment on its lysine- or arginine-modified derivatives and on somatic histone H1 failed to induce polymerization. This result suggests the relevance of arginine content in the formation of histone H1-like polymers particularly because Chaetopterus variopedatus and calf thymus histones H1 have similar content of lysine but different K/R ratio (2 and 15, respectively). Salt-induced turbidity experiments confirmed the high tendency of sperm histone H1-like to form oligomers, particularly in the presence of phosphate ions. Native PAGE analysis in the presence of phosphate supported this hypothesis. The reported results suggest that phosphate ions connecting lysine and arginine side chain groups contribute to the interaction of sperm histone H1-like with DNA in chromatin and mplay a key role in organization and stabilization of the chromatin higher order structures.
4

Physiological role of phenolic compounds in plant response to stresses

86%
Plazek A., Dubert F.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2007
|
tom 29
|
nr 1 Suppl.
5

Interactions of spectrins with phospholipids: possible physiological role

72%
Sikorski A. F.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
|
1998
|
tom 03
|
nr 2
6

Physiological roles of mammalian sulfate transporters NaS1 and Sat1

58%
Markovich D.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2011
|
tom 59
|
nr 2
7

NF-kappaB signaling pathway and free radical impact

58%
Siomek A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2012
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
 The activation of NF-κB transcription factor is critical for a wide range of processes such as immunity, inflammation, cell development, growth and survival. It is activated by a variety of stimuli including cytokines, ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. Redox modulations of NF-κB pathway have been widely demonstrated. Studies carried out during last years have advanced our knowledge about possible connections between NF-κB pathway and the impact of free radicals. This review is an endeavor to gather recent results focused on this issue, although an important question, whether oxidative stress plays a physiological role in NF-κB activation, seems to be still unanswered.
8
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Biologically active peptides derived from proteins - a review

58%
Iwaniak A., Minkiewicz P.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2008
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tom 58
|
nr 3
Proteins play an important role in body functioning. They can also be a good source of peptides with different activities. Such peptides are defined as biologically active (bioactive peptides). Bioactive peptides interact with proper body receptors and such an effect can be beneficial or not. Biopeptides as components of food with desired features have become an interesting issue for scientific research. Many of bioactive peptides are found in milk and dairy products, plant, animal and microbial proteins. They function mainly as inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme but there is a plenty of peptides derived from other sources that can even prevent chronic diseases. This paper focuses on peptides derived from different sources and their physiological role in the body as well as functional aspects of their application in food production. In this article we concentrate on the peptides exerting the following activities: affecting blood pressure, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors, coeliac toxic, immunomodulating and opioid.
9

Physiological role of phenolics

44%
Plazek A., Dubert F.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2008
|
tom 524
Phenylpropanoids are a numerous group of the secondary metabolites. The pathway of phenolic biosynthesis is induced in plants under the treatment of various unfavorable factors. Phenylpropanoid compounds act twofold: they can be toxic for plant, inhibiting their growth and development, and, on the other side, they protect plants from stress effect. In the paper the most important phenolics, their properties and influence on plant metabolism, the typical reactions and application in pharmacy were discussed. The molecular explanation of oxidation reactions, lignin polymerization, tannin condensation, UV absorbtion and decomposition and the production of reactive oxygen species were demonstrated. In plant physiology phenylpropanoid compounds are grouped into simple and composed phenylpropanoids. Simple pheylpropanoid compounds involve mainly phenolic acids and alcohols, vanilin and coumarins. Chlorogenic acid demonstrates antibiotic properties, while salicylic acid (SA) is a plant growth and development regulator, playing also a signal role in plant defence response to numerous stresses. SA initiates synthesis of PR (pathogenesis-related) proteins, hydrogen peroxide production and controls systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Phenolic alcohols polymerize to lignin, which strengths cell wall and builds natural barrier against pathogen attack. Compounds like vanilin, strong aromatic, attract insects and are used in cosmetic and food industry. Coumarins show phototoxic effect and also demonstrate a growth inhibitor action. Composed phenylpropanoids involve tannins, flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Tannins protect plants from pathogens and deter preying insects. Flavonoids are pigments of flowers and leaves, and can protect cell structures and organic compounds from cold, UV radiation and free radicals. Isoflavonoids are characterized mainly by insecticide feature. Many isoflavonoids belong to phytoalexins, specific compounds synthesized within defence mechanism against stresses. They inhibit fungal spore germination and act osmotically to penetrating hyphae. Moreover, these compounds may imitate steroid molecules joining to specific steroid receptors disturbing numerous metabolic processes. Among the best known phytoalexins pisatin, phaseolin and medicarpin are mentioned. Phenylpropanoids also play an allelopathic role secreted by roots into soil, and inhibiting germinating and growth of other plants.
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