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1

Various types of hypophosphataemia in dairy cows and the clinical implications depending on the intensity of the deficiency

100%
Kurek L., Lutnicki K., Banach A.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2010
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tom 54
|
nr 1
35-41
The paper aimed at defining the specific biochemical parameters, as well as the use of treatment methods, according to types and intensity of the clinical signs of non-complicated hypophosphataemia in cows. The investigations were carried out on 300 HF cows in 15 herds in the Lublin Region. The mean milk yield in the herds was 36.8 ±2.8 dl. The cows were 3-9 years old and had a similar diet ratio. The animals with hypophosphataemia symptoms in the early stadium (2-7 d) were divided into three groups according to the intensity of clinical signs whereas the control group consisted of cows with no clinical signs of the illness. The inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total Ca, total Mg, K, Fe, total protein, Cu, bilirubin, FFA, and creatinine concentrations, as well as AST and AP activity, were determined in serum and plasma. The animals with markedly exhibited signs (recumbency and tremor) showed significantly decreased Pi, Mg, and FFA contents and simultaneously increased activity of AST and AP. In the group exhibiting minimal signs (group I), there were no significant disturbances in homeostasis except the low Pi concentration, so it was possible to use the specialised phosphorus preparations in the treatment. In the other groups (II, III), which exhibited more marked signs of the illness, it was necessary to improve the parenchymal organs functions in addition to phosphorus level normalisation.
2

Levels of parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in blood sera of healthy and sick cows

100%
Spakauskas V., Klimiene I.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2007
|
tom 63
|
nr 06
662-666
The blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were examined in 122 cows, which included healthy cows as well as cows with osteomalacia and paresis. Levels of PTH were determined in vitro using IMMULITE analyzer, levels of macroelements - using the automated “Eos-Bravo” analyser with Hospitex reagents. The blood level of PTH ranged from 1.7 to 7.5 pmol/l in healthy cows and from 3.95 to 20.19 pmol/l in sick cows. The highest and most significant increase in blood PTH level (up to 18.31 ± 1.88 pmol/l) was found in cows with parturient paresis. The blood serum levels of PTH in healthy cows changed depending on age and on the physiological status, being significantly lower in cows 2-4-years-old compared with cows 8-years-old and over. The levels of PTH were significantly higher in cows-in-calf and heifers-in-calf compared with cows of the lactation period. Higher levels of PTH were found during the winter than in the summer. The blood level of PTH correlated inversely with the level of calcium in cows with osteomalacia (r = -0.89) and with parturient paresis (r = - 0.49-0.61). The blood serum PTH levels were significantly increased in all groups of cows (p<0.05) on the day of parturition and one day after parturition compared with the measured PTH level 5 days before parturition. Vitamin D (injected 3-5 times) administered during the last days before calving effectively increased the levels of calcium, phosphorus and PTH.
3
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The response of maize seedlings to salt stress under increasing levels of phosphorus

100%
Sacala E., Demczuk A., Grzys E.
Journal of Elementology
|
2016
|
tom 21
|
nr 1
This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of increasing doses of phosphate and moderate salinity on the growth and some biochemical parameters of maize seedlings. The experiments were carried out on the maize variety KB 1902 grown in hydroponic cultures under controlled conditions. Salt stress was induced by 50 mmol dm-3 NaCl at three levels of KH2PO4 (in mmol dm-3): 1.0 (standard dose in a nutrient solution), 0.25 (decreased dose), 2.0 (increased dose). After 7 days of cultivation, the plants were harvested, growth parameters were examined and assessments were made of the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, total protein, soluble carbohydrates and free phosphate. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in the fresh and dry weight of plants, ranging from 33-45% in comparison to the plants grown without NaCl, irrespective of external phosphate concentrations. Concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and total proteins were unaffected by salinity, regardless of the external phosphorus levels. The two higher concentrations of Pi (1.0 and 2.0 mmol dm-3) in the saline nutrient medium resulted in a marked accumulation of phosphorus in the leaves of maize, whereas the lowest level of Pi (1/4 of the standard dose in the nutrient solution) had no effect on the phosphorus content. Both the increased (2 P) and decreased (1/4 P) phosphorus concentration in the external medium induced a significant increase in the content of soluble carbohydrates in the leaves of maize grown under salt stress. In brief, the response of the maize variety KB 1902 to NaCl stress at the initial stage of growth was not found to have been modified by the examined doses of phosphorus, and there was no relationship between NaCl and the increasing doses of phosphate.
4

The retention of mineral substances, quality and chemical composition of bones of chickens fed diets containing different calcium and phosphorus levels

80%
Jamroz D., Wertelecki T., Zylka R.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry
|
2007
|
tom 10
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nr 3
5

Efficacy of different phytase preparations in broiler rations

80%
Kozlowski K., Jankowski J., Jeroch H.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 3
Three phytase preparations were added to broiler rations with considerably reduced levels of phosphorus. Birds were allocated to a positive control group (I), a negative control group (II) and three phytase-supplemented groups (III – Aspergillus niger phytase, IV – Penicillium canescens phytase, V – Pichia phytase). Major components of starter and grower diets were wheat, corn and soybean meals. Starter and grower diets (in meal form) contained 6.65 or 6.01 g of total P/kg and 3.98 or 3.68 g available P/kg in group I, and 5.67 or 5.05 of total P/kg and 2.98 g or 2.70 g available P/kg in groups II – V, respectively. This experiment, performed over a five-week period, involved Ross 308 male chickens kept in battery cages. Each group was divided into 9 subgroups, each of 9 chickens (81 birds per treatment). Phytase efficacy was evaluated based on performance results, carcass quality and bone mineralization. Optimal performance levels were achieved in group I (2.149 g body weight, 1.776 kg feed/kg gain). P reduction in group II decreased weight gains by 9% and increased feed conversion by about 5%. Diet supplementation with phytase in groups III – V compensated for the decrease in performance observed in group II. The effect exerted by three microbial phytases was similar. The difference in carcass weight between group II and the other groups was significant. P reduction in the diets negatively influenced the process of bone mineralization, which was enhanced by phytase supplementation.
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