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The importance of stirring on the peritoneal absorption and excretion of urea (U), uric acid (UA), inulin (I) and albumin (A) in vitro was analysed. Changes of mixing rate modified the dynamics of the peritonea1 transport. These modifications were transient. The increase of stirring intensity from 5 ml/min to 11 ml/min caused increase of the mean bidirectional transfer values of UA by about 40% and A by 70%, but not U and I. The increase of mixing from 11 ml/min to 22 ml/min elevated only transperitoneal transfer of A by about 110 % in comparison with the control. The obtained results confirm the suggestion that increasing of fluid mixing on the mesothelial and interstitial side of the membrane influences the transperitoneal transfer rate by reduction of unstirred fluid layer. This diffusion resistance in vitro, in contrast to in vivo, is more important for the transport of macromolecular than micromo1ecu1ar, neutral solutes.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. EMT is at least in part caused by repeated exposure to glucose degradation products (GDPs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MiRNA contributes greatly to the EMT of PMCs. In this study, we tried to profile whether differences exist between the peritoneal membrane (PM) miRNA expression seen in control rats and that seen in rats injected intraperitoneally with MGO. We assessed whether miR-30b has a possible role in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats. Comparative miRNA expression array and real-time PCR analyses were conducted for the control group at the start of the experiment and for the MGO group after 1 and 2 weeks. During the second week, the MGO rats were treated with: a chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotide (ASO) complementary to the mature miR-30b (ASO group); an miR-30b mismatch control sequence (MIS group); or a citrate buffer (EMT group). Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) mRNA did contain a putative binding site for miR-30b. We also tried to investigate whether miR-30b targeted BMP7 in vitro by transfection. Of the upregulated miRNAs, miR-30b expression demonstrated the greatest increase. The administration of miR-30b ASO for two weeks significantly reduced α-SMA excretion and upregulated E-cadherin and BMP-7 expression. Our in vitro study showed that miR-30b directly targeted and inhibited BMP7 by binding to its 3’-UTR. Our results revealed that miR-30b is involved in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats.
A new anisakid nematode, Hysterothylacium japonicum sp. n. is described from a single female specimen collected from the stomach of the rare marine fish, Trachipterus ishikawai Jordan et Snyder, from the Sea of Japan (Toyama Bay). It is characterized mainly by the presence of broad cervical alae, shape and structure of lips, length of the caecum and ventricular appendix (11.43 and 6.35 mm, respectively) and their ratio (1:0.55), long and slender tail, and by unusually large body measurements (body length 181 mm). H. japonicum is the first species of adult ascaridoid nematodes reported from fishes of the order Lampridiformes.
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