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1

A review of feather mites of the Psittophagus generic group [Astigmata, Pterolichidae] with descriptions of new taxa from parrots [Aves, Psittaciformes] of the Old World

100%
Mironov S. V., Dabert J., Ehrnsberger R.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2003
|
tom 48
|
nr 4
A systematic review of pterolichid feather mites of the Psittophagus generic group (Pterolichidae, Pterolichinae) is presented. New feather mite taxa are described: Psittaculobius quadriglobus gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Long-tailed Parakeet Psittacula longicauda (type host) and the Red-breasted Parakeet P. alexandri (Psittacidae, Psittacinae), Psittophagus calyptorhynchi sp. nov. from the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus (Cacatuidae, Calyptorhynchinae). A key to all genera and species of the Psittophagus group and taxonomic comments on formerly described species are provided, and host-parasite associations of these mites with the parrots from the Old World are briefly discussed. It is hypothesised that the Psittophagus group originated on the ancestors of Psittaciformes at the same time as other pterolichine groups specific to parrots, but in the process of coevolution with these hosts it has achieved significant success on Cacatuidae only, while on Psittacidae, the representatives of this group have been retained only on few phylogenetic lineages in the Old World.
2

Morphologic and genetic characterization of Sarcocystis sp.from the African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, from Costa Rica

100%
Dubey J. P., Rosenthal B. M., Morales J. A., Alfaro A.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2006
|
tom 51
|
nr 3
A species of Sarcocystis is reported from a naturally infected African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, from Costa Rica. Only mature sarcocysts, measuring up to 2 mm in length and up to 750 μm in width, were observed. The sarcocyst wall was smooth. The villar protrusions on the sarcocyst wall were up to 5 μm long and up to 1.1 μm wide; they were folded over the sarcocyst wall giving a thin-walled appearance. The microtubules in villar protrusions were smooth and confined to villar protrusions. Bradyzoites in sections were 5.4–6.6 × 1.3–2.0 μm in size. Sequencing the small subunit and first internal transcribed spacer portions of ribosomal DNA related this parasite to, but distinguished it from, previously characterized species of Sarcocystis that encyst in the musculature of birds and complete their sexual development in New World opossums of the genus Didelphis. This evidence suggests that the parrot may have acquired its infection from an opossum from which it suffered a debilitating attack a year prior to the onset of depression, anorexia, and ultimately death.
3

Occurrence of Mycobacterium in the faeces of parrots kept in zoological gardens and private aviaries in Poland

100%
Ledwon A., Szeleszczuk P., Zwolska Z., Augustynowicz-Kopec E., Kozak M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2008
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
The aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence of Mycobacterium infections in psittacine birds kept in zoological gardens as well as in private aviaries in Poland based on the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the faeces of parrots. All samples taken were decontaminated with 5% oxalic acid. The material obtained was cultured onto L-J media and in BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Faecal smears on microscopic slides were stained with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Altogether 546 faecal samples were examined: 121 (22.2%) from the parrots kept in private aviaries and 425 (78.8%) kept in zoos. The occurrence of Mycobacterium sp. in faecal samples was 13.9% (76/546). Seventy-three positive samples were demonstrated in zoos and three in private aviaries. The majority of Mycobacterium sp. identified was, however, of moderate pathogenicity for humans and animals. Among the isolated strains, the majority was Mycobacterium fortuitum (38 isolates). Mycobacterium avium was present in 16 samples. None isolate was found to be of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In order to detect the presence of Mycobacterium genavense, the samples were cultured onto Middlebrook 7H11 with Mycobactin J medium and PCR was performed. In total, 326 samples were examined (65 from private aviaries). Although PCR confirmed the presence of Mycobacterim genavense in 31 samples, the results of cultures were negative.
4

Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in lineolated parakeets [Bolborhynchus lineola]. A case report

80%
Ledwon A., Szeleszczuk P., Malicka E., Dolka I., Zwolska Z., Augustynowicz-Kopec E., Zabost A.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2009
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
209-212
Systemic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense was diagnosed in a 7-year-old captive lineolated parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola). About a year before death, proventricular dilatation syndrome (PDS) was suggested, because of persistent regurgitations and intermittent diarrhoea. Necropsy examination did not show any signs typical of PDS and mycobacterioses. No caseous necrosis, but focal ulcerated overgrowth in the proventriculus, hypertrophy of intestinal mucosa and splenomegaly, was found. Primary neoplasia was suspected. The crucial examination was histopathology, which revealed changes typical of mycobacteriosis and the presence of numerous acid-fast bacilli. A real- time SYBR® Green PCR test was used and Mycobacterium genavense infection was diagnosed. The mycobacterium was also cultured on BD BACTEC™ 460TB 12B Middlebrook 7H12 medium.
5

Zasady prawidłowego poskramiania papug

80%
Gruss M., Dojcz W.
Weterynaria w Praktyce
|
2020
|
tom 17
|
nr 04
6

Avian polyomavirus infections in Amazon parrots

80%
Szweda M., Kolodziejska A., Szarek J., Babinska I.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2011
|
tom 67
|
nr 03
According to the available literature, budgerigars are the most susceptible to being infected with avian polyomavirus (APV), whereas this infection is very rare in Amazon parrots. Although the same virus is responsible for the disease, clinical symptoms in the Amazon parrot are considerably different than those observed in budgerigars. APV is transmitted primarily bird-to-bird but it is also thought to be transmitted via the egg. Many affected young amazon die, while most infected adult birds develop lethargy, poor appetite and diarrhoea, with the surviving birds developing antibodies to the virus. However, despite the common misconception, that adult birds are more resistant, the adult amazon are readily susceptible to infection, can become ill and some may die. The main clinical symptoms of APV infection in the amazon parrot include hepatomegaly, ascites and hydropericardium. Necropsy often show spleno- and hepatomegaly with irregular red and yellow mottling of the liver, while histopathological examination present pathognomomic lesions as multifocal necrosis in the liver and kidney, enlarged nuclei and enlarged amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver, kidney and spleen. Procedure against APV infection in an outbreak requires vaccinating the adults and neonates to stimulate flock immunity, as well as cleaning and disinfecting the contaminated facility.
7

Three new feather mite genera of the Protolichus generic group [Astigmata, Pterolichidae] from parrots [Aves, Psittaciformes] of the Old World

80%
Mironov S. V., Dabert J.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2007
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
Three new genera of feather mites of the Protolichus generic group (Pterolichidae, Pterolichinae), restricted to parrots, are established based on re-examination of type series and some previously unidentified mite specimens deposited in the collection of E. Trouessart (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France): Loriprotolichus gen. nov. with the type species Loriprotolichus charmosynae sp. nov. from Charmosyna papou (Scopoli, 1786) and Loriprotolichus falculiger (Trouessart, 1884) comb. nov. from Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw, 1791); Calyptolichus gen. nov. with type species Calyptolichus favettei (Trouessart, 1899) comb. nov.; Nestorilichus gen. nov. with the type species Nestorilichus atyeoi sp. nov. from Nestor meridionalis (Gmelin, 1788). Several taxonomic changes were implemented in the course of re-examination of the type series. The holotype of Pterolichus (Protolichus) falculiger Trouessart, 1884 is designated. Re-examination of the full syntype series of P. (Protolichus) favettei Trouessart, 1899 representing samples from different hosts, recovered two distinct pterolichid species of the Protolichus generic group. The sample clearly corresponding to the original description (Trouessart, 1899) is fixed as the lectotype and nomenclatural type of P. (Protolichus) favettei; the second species is described as a new species Nestorilichus atyeoi. Protolichus (Mesolichus) favettei cordifora Favette et Trouessart, 1904 is synonymized with P. (Protolichus) favettei.
8

Study of Chlamydophila psittaci outbreak in budgerigars

80%
Dovc A., Slavec B., Lindtner-Knific R., Zorman-Rojs O., Racnik J., Golja J., Vlahovic K.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2007
|
tom 51
|
nr 3
In this paper, some facts have been discussed that could be important for the understanding of how the chlamydial pathogen spreads within the bird flock and to humans. The presented report has been based on pathological findings and interpretation of the results of diagnostic tests, obtained at chlamydial infection in a flock of parrots. In a two- week period, a high mortality in one flock of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) was reported. Adults as well as young older than 14 d died. The laboratory investigation confirmed the infection with Chlamydophila psittaci. In the same period two members of the owner's family showed signs of atypical pneumonia. The owner decided to eliminate the whole flock. Samples of blood and swabs from cloaca were taken before the birds were euthanised. A post-mortem examination was performed and samples from embryos and eggs were taken. For the confirmation of chlamydia infection, several different diagnostic methods were used: direct and indirect immunofluorescence, commercial immuno-enzymatic tests, isolation on chicken embryos and laboratory mice, as well as molecular detection. Avian chlamydiosis represents an important zoonosis in Europe. This is the reason for the necessity of developing more efficient methods for chlamydial disease control, and for setting up generally accepted rules in European and non-European countries.
9

Systematic revision of the feather mite genera Apexolichus Gaud et Atyeo and Titanolichus Gaud et Atyeo [Astigmata, Pterolichidae], parasites of parrots of the Old World [Psittaciformes, Psittacidae]

80%
Dabert J., Mironov S. V., Ehrnsberger R.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 1
We present a systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of feather mites of the closely related genera Apexolichus Gaud et Atyeo, 1996 and Titanolichus Gaud et Atyeo, 1996 (Pterolichidae, Pterolichinae). New diagnoses for Apexolichus and Titanolichus and keys to all known species are provided. We redescribe all species of the genus Protolichus Mégnin et Trouessart, 1884, described by E. Trouessart over a century ago, and which have been transferred to these genera. Two new species are described: Apexolichus psephoti sp. nov. from Psephotus varius Clark A.H., 1910 (type host) and P. haematonotus (Gould, 1838); and Titanolichus triangulifer sp. nov. from Barnardius zonaris (Shaw, 1805) (type host) and Northiella haematogaster (Gould, 1838). New synonymies are proposed: Apexolichus splendens (Favette et Trouessart, 1904) syn. nov. is a junior synonym of A. velifer (Trouessart, 1899); A. distensis (Favette et Trouessart, 1904) syn. nov. is a junior synonym of A. affinis (Mégnin et Trouessart, 1884). Apexolichus platycerci (Mironov, Dabert et Proctor, 2003) comb. nov. is a new combination for this species, which was formerly placed in the genus Titanolichus. Phylogenetic analysis (MP) confirms the monophyly of the genera Apexolichus and Titanolichus. Both of these genera, together with the monotypic genus Sideroferus Gaud et Atyeo, 1996 (being a sister group of Titanolichus), form a clade within the Protolichus generic group and are restricted in their host associations to parrots of the tribe Platycercini (Psittacidae, Psittacinae), members of which occur in the Australia and Indo-Malayan region. Representatives of each genus are restricted to a particular genus or a few genera of Platycercini. Host associations of these genera are briefly discussed.
10

Ogolnoczeska wystawa drobnego inwentarza z udzialem wystawcow zagranicznych, Brno, 17-18 listopada 2000

51%
Barabasz B.
Biuletyn Informacyjny dla Hodowców Szynszyli
|
2000
|
nr 4
25-27
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