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Osmolality of isotonic drinks in the aspect of their authenticity

100%

Stasiuk E., Przybylowski P.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 32

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nr 1

Isotonic drinks belong to a group of products which are becoming more and more popular among teenagers, sportsmen, as well as the elderly and fitness-oriented people. The proper osmolality of isotonic drinks should be of 300 mOsm kg⁻¹ of water ±10%. The objective of this study is to analyse whether the isotonic drinks available on the Tricity market (the area of three cities: Gdańsk, Sopot, Gdynia) are authentic isotonic drinks. For the purpose of the study 25 bottles of isotonic drinks of different brands and flavours have been purchased. The osmolality of the majority of the drinks was within the recommendations of European Union – from 270 to 330 mOsm kg⁻¹ of water. Twelve of the drinks have not got the osmolality declared by the manufacturers. Six of them have not met the requirements for an isotonic drink (two of these had not been declared to be isotonic drinks). It seems that manufacturers should observe the quite broad limit of osmolality and the criterion of osmolality is the evidence for their authenticity.

2

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Beverage osmolality as a marker for maintaining appropriate body hydration

75%

Sadowska B., Swiderski F., Rakowska R., Waszkiewicz-Robak B., Zebrowska-Krasuska M., Dybkowska E.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 2

Background. Osmolalities can be useful markers for determining whether given beverages are suited for maintaining an adequate hydration of the body. Losing 2% of body water relative to body mass reduces the efficiency of body function when undertaking physical effort by around 20%. Deficiencies in water intakes approaching 5-8% of body mass, double the impairment to the body’s physical and mental functioning, whereas at a level of 10% the body becomes incapable of performing any sort of physical effort. For such reasons the body’s hydration status is vital to its functioning. Objectives. To asses osmolalities as measured in various types of commercially available mineral waters and non-alcoholic beverages containing different amounts of extracts. Materials and Methods. Test materials were commercially available mineral waters (of low, medium and high mineral content) along with juices, nectars and drinks that are isotonic, energising and those described as being ‘light’ and sparkling. Osmolality was measured by the 800CL Osmometer instrument from TridentMed whilst the RL-type refractometer was used for determining extract values. Results. Isotonic drinks were found to have the same osmotic pressures as bodily fluids at 275 – 295 mOsm/kg water. The osmotic pressure in mineral waters depended on the extent of mineralisation and ranged from 13 mOsm / kg water (low mineral content) to 119 mOsm/kg water (high mineral content). Low osmolalities were also found in ‘light’ drinks (from 29.3 to 34 mOsm/kg water). Juices, nectars, energising drinks and colas typically have high sugar contents and have high osmolalities ranging 492 – 784 mOsm / kg water. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant associations (p < 0.05) between osmolalities and extract content in beverages as well as between osmolalities and mineral content in mineral waters. Upon factor analysis, it was possible to group the tested drinks according to similar osmolalities and extract content. Conclusions. Osmolalities measured in beverages are a marker that permits drinks to be classified into groups according to their tonicity and their ability to ensure that the body is properly hydrated; this becoming vital in cases when the body requires rapid body fluid replenishment.

3

Antifreeze water-rich dormant cysts of the terrestrial ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 at - 65 ℃: possible involvement of ultra-antifreeze polysaccharides

75%

Matsuoka T., Sogame Y., Nakamura R., Hasegawa Y., Arikawa M., Suizu F.

Acta Protozoologica

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2020

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tom 59

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nr 3-4

4

Effects of various cryoprotective agents and extender osmolality on post-thawed ram semen

75%

Soylu M. K., Nur Z., Ustuner B., Dogan I., Sagirkaya H., Gunay U., Ak K.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 2

The influence of different extender osmolality levels and the presence of different cryoprotectants on the post- thawed semen's characteristics and post-thawed plasma membrane integrity of ram spermatozoa were studied. Ram semen was frozen with TRIS-egg yolk based extender according to two-step dilution procedures. The final concentrations of the cryoprotectants: 6% glycerol, 6% 1,2- propanediol, 62.5 mM sucrose, and 62.5 mM trehalose were studied in three different extender B osmolality levels (350, 375, and 400 mOsm). The osmolality affected significantly the post-thawed semen's motility, defected acrosomes (DA), total morphological defect (TMD), along with the sperm's plasma membrane integrity (HOST). Type of cryoprotectant exerted significant effect (P<0.001) on the post-thawed semen's motility, DA, TMD, and HOST. There was a significant interaction between the osmolality and cryoprotectant on the post-thawed motility, DA and TMD, but not on the HOST. In general, post-thawed motility, acrosomal, morphological, and membrane integrity of the semen frozen with semen extender at 400 mOsm were better than those of 350 and 375 mOsm, regardless of the type of cryoprotectant. Glycerol and 1,2- propanediol, compared to sucrose, trehalose, and control groups, did not protect the post-thawed acrosome and morphological integrity, though it did protect motility and HOST. It was concluded that glycerol based extenders with a high osmotic pressure (400 mOsm) was a better choice for ram semen freezing compared to sucrose, trehalose, and cryoprotectant free extenders. The detrimental effect of glycerol on DA and TMD could be overcome by combining glycerol with sugars and by increasing the osmotic pressure of the extender used for semen cryopreservation. Further research on the cryopreservation of ram semen should focus on the extender osmolality and combination of different cryoprotectants.

5

Osmolality of seminal plasma as an indicator of milt contamination with urine based on the exmaple of the tench Tinca tinca (L.)

51%

Cejko B. I., Zarski D., Targonska K., Krejszeff S., Kucharczyk D., Glogowski J.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2010

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tom 25

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nr 3

Milt was collected from the tench Tinca tinca (L.) following hormonal stimulation with carp pituitary homogenate (CPH, group I, n = 9), Ovopel (group II, n = 8) and Ovaprim (group III, n = 9). Males non-stimulated fish were used as a control (group IV, n = 6). The parameters determined included the total volume of milt (TVM, ml) and the volume per kg of the males’ body weight (VOM, ml kg⁻¹ b.w.), total number of spermatozoa produced by the males (TSP, ×10⁹) and the number of spermatozoa per kg of their body weight (TNS, ×10⁹ kg⁻¹ b.w.). Moreover, attempts were made to show the effect of the hormone preparations on spermatozoa motility (%), their concentration in milt (×10⁹ ml⁻¹) and the total protein content in seminal plasma (mg ml⁻¹). Osmotic pressure of the seminal plasma (mOsm kg⁻¹) was determined to check if the milt samples were contaminated with urine. Pearson’s linear correlation was also determined between the osmolality, on the one hand, and the spermatozoa motility and concentration of spermatozoa in milt of the groups examined in the study, on the other. The significance of differences between the analysed parameters was checked with Tukey’s test (One-way ANOVA, α = 0.05). Motility and concentration of spermatozoa in the remained relatively low, not exceeding 22% and 5.0 · 10⁹ ml⁻¹ in each of the groups. Using CPH, Ovopel or Ovaprim did not result in any significant increase (P > 0.05) in the amount of milt obtained (TVM, VOM) or the total amount of spermatozoa produced as compared to the control group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found only between the TNS values for group I (CPH), and group IV (control). Osmolality of the seminal plasma did not exceed 120 mOsm kg⁻¹ in any of the groups under examination. Its low values as well as low motility and low concentration of spermatozoa in milt indicate that milt was contaminated with urine, which is also corroborated by a significant correlation between osmolality and motility of spermatozoa in group III (R² = 0.828; P < 0.001) and IV (R² = 0.983; P < 0.001) and between osmolality and concentration of spermatozoa in each of the groups (R² = 0.447; P < 0.05, group I; R² = 0.964; P < 0.001, group II; R² = 0.768; P < 0.001, group III and R² = 0.924; P < 0.001; group IV).

6

Control of neurohypophysial hormone secretion, blood osmolality and volume in pregnancy

45%

Brunton P. J., Arunachalam S., Russell J. A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 8

7

Zmiany stężenia elektrolitów oraz osmolalności osocza krwi u owiec izolowanych od stada

45%

Niezgoda J., Wronska D., Bobek S., Pierzchala K.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Zootechnica

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1988

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tom 27

8

Charakterystyka cisnienia osmolalnego roznych napojow rynkowych

38%

Waszkiewicz-Robak B., Chelminski T.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2005

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tom 38

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nr 3

307-311

Oznaczono oraz porównano osmolalność rynkowych napojów bezalkoholowych należących do różnych grup: izotonicznych, energetycznych i/lub energetyzujących, soków owocowych, owocowo-warzywnych, napojów typu coca-cola, napojów owocowych, w tym „light" oraz wybranych wód mineralnych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że za napoje hipertoniczne można uważać napoje energetyczne i/lub energetyzujące, soki, nektary i napoje owocowe lub owocowo-warzywne, jako hipotoniczne - wody mineralne oraz napoje „light". Rynkowe napoje deklarowane jako izotoniczne spełniały wymagania odnośnie toniczności.

Ograniczanie wyników

Osmolality of isotonic drinks in the aspect of their authenticity

Beverage osmolality as a marker for maintaining appropriate body hydration

Antifreeze water-rich dormant cysts of the terrestrial ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 at - 65 ℃: possible involvement of ultra-antifreeze polysaccharides

Effects of various cryoprotective agents and extender osmolality on post-thawed ram semen

Osmolality of seminal plasma as an indicator of milt contamination with urine based on the exmaple of the tench Tinca tinca (L.)

Control of neurohypophysial hormone secretion, blood osmolality and volume in pregnancy

Zmiany stężenia elektrolitów oraz osmolalności osocza krwi u owiec izolowanych od stada

Charakterystyka cisnienia osmolalnego roznych napojow rynkowych