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Objective: To study the levels of malonyldialdehyde, marked as the concentration of substances reacting with thiobarbituric acid in liver, brain, serum and kidney in subacute intoxication with low doses of chlorfenvinphos, an organophosphate insecticide. Materials and Methods: The study used male Wistar rats, body weight 250 – 280g. The animals received intragastrically, by a gastric tube, once daily 0.1ml/100g of olive oil (the control group) or oil solution of chlorfenvinphos at a dose of 0.02LD50 (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) (the experimental groups). After 14 and 28 days of the experiment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to obtain serum; liver, kidney and brain sections were taken from the animals in anaesthesia. The level of malonyldialdehyde (as TBA RS) was determined in homogenates of the organs and in serum. Additionally, serum cholinesterase activity was determined. Results: There was an increase in the tissues as well in the serum malonyldialdehyde level. Proportionally the highest increase in TBARS , as compared to the control, was observed in the liver on day 28 of chlorfenvinphos administration and in the kidney on day 14 of the exposure. Conclusion: In subacute chlorfenvinphos intoxication, lipid peroxidation is increased in the rat liver, serum, kidney and brain, which may cause various health effects in the population exposed to its action.
Responses (knock-down and mortality) of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides of different mechanism of action such as neonicotinoids (clotianidin, acetamiprid) acting on nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), pyrethroids (deltamethrin, α-cypermethrin) blocking sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, organophosphates (chlorpiryfos) and carbamates (carbosulfan) both inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and fenylpirazoles (fipronil) interfering with γ-butyric acid (GABA) receptors were studied. Taking into account speed of insect decay the order of examined groups of substances may be established as follows: first place is occupied by insecticides interferring with GABA receptors, second place by insecticides blocking AChE activity, and third place in parallel insecticides blocking sodium channels and those acting on nicotinic receptors of ACh.
Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) and cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) occur very often at the same time in winter and spring oilseed rape in Polish climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of pollen beetle and cabbage shoot weevil to the same, selected active substances of insecticides from the group of pyrethroids, organophosphates and neonicotinoids recommended in Poland. The studies were conducted with the use of contact-stomach method, which involves tested beetles exposition to treated leaves and inflorescences of host plants. The results indicated high or very high pollen beetle resistance to pyrethroid active substances (the exception was tau-fluwaliant to which the pest showed susceptibility or weak resistance) and some level of cabbage seed weevil resistance to neonicotinoids. The results clearly indicate that the protection of oilseed rape in Poland requires continuous monitoring of resistance level of both pests and regular update of control programs for both species.
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