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1

Nestbox use and reproductive parameters of Tree Sparrows Passer montanus: are they affected by the presence of old nests?

100%
Garcia-Navas V., Arroyo L., Sanz J. J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
32-42
There is a controversy over the effects of old nest reuse on the breeding biology of hole nesters. Some authors have shown that the presence of old nest material could increase ectoparasite pressure and/or reduce cavity size, whereas others argue that it could facilitate nest-building and serve as an informative cue for breeding birds. However, the possible functions of old nests may not be limited to the reproductive period in burds that perform autumnal courtship or use nest cavities as shelters during the winter season, as is the case with the Tree Sparrow. The importance of the presence of old nest material on nest box choice during the non-breeding period and its implications on the subsequent breeding performance of this multi-brood species are assessed. Occupancy rates and reproductive parameters (such as phenology, clutch size, nestling condition, breeding success) were compared between woodcrete and wooden nest boxes with and without old nest material inside. During the non-breeding period no effect of box type or its content on nest box selection was discovered, but in spring it was found that the strong preference of birds for breeding in woodcrete nest boxes was independent of the presence of old nests. In relation to this latter point, evidence was found that old nest reuse could negatively affect the reproductive output of Tree Sparrows: clutches were laid later, nestlings had longer wings (which presumably fledged earlier) and reproductive success was lower in nest boxes containing old nest material. The results of this study suggest that, taking the non-breeding and breeding seasons as a whole, the accumulation of old nest material seems to be detrimental rather than advantageous to this species.
2

Effect of old nest material in nestboxes on ectoparasite abundance and reproductive output in the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L.

100%
Mazgajski T. D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
Before breeding, hole nesting birds face the problem of the presence of old nest material from previous seasons in their nest sites. This material fills the cavity, making it shallower, resulting in greater brood vulnerability to predators, as well as creating good conditions for ectoparasite development. As a consequence, this may negatively affect many breeding parameters of hole nesters. However, adult birds may compensate the effect of blood sucking ectoparasites by increasing their feeding rates. It is known that the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L. can deepen its nest site by removing old nest material. Therefore, a study was conducted to find out whether the presence of old nest material influences ectoparasite abundance in newly built nests, reproductive parameters, as well as nestlings’ body parameters and feeding rates in this species. An experiment with nestboxes was carried out in two forested areas. Two groups of nestboxes were prepared – one contained old nests from the previous breeding season, and the other group was cleaned with old nests removed. During the breeding season, data on Starling reproduction were collected, i.e. laying dates, clutch size and number of fledglings. Nestling body parameters were measured on the 6th, 9th, 13th and 17th days of their lives. On the 10th and 15th days of nestling life, the number of feedings was counted over a period of 30 minutes. Nests were collected and analyzed for the presence of ectoparasites. It was found that the average number of ectoparasites, both fleas and mites, was greater in nests built on old nest material, and that this number was highly correlated. In further analysis, two possible effects on reproductive output were investigated separately: the presence of old nest material and the abundance of ectoparasites. Clutch size and number of fledglings were smaller in broods from nestboxes containing old nest material, but there was no such relationship to laying dates and nestlings’ body parameters (weight, tarsus and wing length). The number of feeding trips on the 10th day of nestling life was higher in “cleaned” nestboxes, but a similar level was achieved by the 15th day in both groups of nestboxes. It was found that ectoparasite abundance did not influence any of the studied parameters of Starling reproduction, i.e. breeding, nestlings’ physical condition or number of feedings. This confirmed earlier findings that ectoparasite infestation at a natural level does not affect Starlings’ breeding. It seems that the negative effect of the presence of old nest material in nest sites is connected to the costs of site preparation and old nest material removal, which are borne by the females.
3

Re-use of old nests versus the construction of new ones in the Magpie Pica pica in the city of Sofia [Bulgaria]

100%
Antonov A., Atanasova D.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2003
|
tom 38
|
nr 1
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