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Research has shown that among pesticides, carbaryl is one of the strongest immunosuppressors for numerous animal species. In this paper, the effect of carbaryl on biochemical parameters and on specific and non-specific immunity in carbaryl-intoxicated birds was determined. The results indicate a significant immunosuppressive effect in turkeys, on almost all the investigated biochemical parameters and on the indices of specific and non-specific immunity. The only exception is a slightly elevated level of total protein and reactivity of T lymphocytes to non-specific mitogen in the group of intoxicated birds.
This study was designed to examine the effect of high dose of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) as a dietary supplement for rats on the phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of non-specific immune cells. Thirty Wistar rats (225-245 g initial body weight) were divided into three groups fed diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, and 0.6% L-AA (0, 187 and 375 mg L-AA/kg feed) for 41 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were analysed for selected indicators of non-specific immunity. The application of 0.6% of LAA, as compared to the remaining two groups reduced phagocytic activity measured as a number of opsonized E. coli cells consumed by neutrophiles and monocytes. However, 0.6% of dietary AA supplementation led to increased phagocytic monocytes and neutrophiles percentage,which produced reactive oxygen species after stimulation with opsonized bacteria (E. coli), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP).These results indicate that megadose (0.6%) of dietary AA can reduce an oxygen-independent phagocytosis, but increase the number of neutrophiles and monocytes representing the oxygendependent mechanism of killing.
The main aim of this study was to compare selected nonspecific immunity parameters in 14 allergic and 12 healthy horses. Each animal was assessed according to the following parameters: in vitro functional capacity of phagocytic cells using the nitro blue tetrazolium chloride reduction test, both spontaneous (NBT) and zymozan stimulated (NBTs), and ingestion capacity of phagocytic cells using a phagocytic index test (IF) and percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils activity (%KF). Differences were demonstrated between the group of allergic horses, especially with severe allergy symptoms, and healthy horses in NBTs values, with higher values in healthy horses. The values of the phagocytic index were significantly higher in horses with allergy.
The purpose of the studies was to determine the proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes as well as the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes in pigs after the immunomodulation with the Bioimmuno preparation and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure One' vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. The studies were performed on piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four groups of seven animals each. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h before vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.) on the 28th d of life (group I), Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) on days 26 and 27 of life (48 h before vaccination with Respisure One of groups I and III) (group II), Respisure One on the 28th d of life (group III) and PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.) simultaneously with vaccination of groups I and III (group C - control). The proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes (MTT test) and the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes (RBA and PKA tests) were determined in whole blood. Statistically significantly higher (P<0.05) proliferation activity of Con A-stimulated T lymphocytes as well as LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes were found in the stimulated and immunised group I and the immunised group III in comparison with the stimulated group II and group C. Higher metabolic and potential killing activities of the phagocytes were also detected in all experimental groups compared with the control one. The studies have demonstrated that the Bioimmuno immunomodulator and/or the Respisure One vaccine stimulate the proliferative response of T and B lymphocytes, as well as they increase the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes, contributing to the improvement in the immune system functioning and to the protection of the swine organism against the infections of the respiratory system.
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the Bioimmuno administration in feed and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure' One vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine on the development of non-specific immune response expressed by the level of acute phase proteins (APP). The study was performed on 28 piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four equal groups. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: group I - Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h and then vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), group II - Bioimmuno ( 1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h, group III - Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), and group C (control) - PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.). Serum concentration of APP: C- reactive protein, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin were determined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation. The statistically significantly lower (P<0.05) levels of all determined APP in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group were demonstrated. This proves the protective value of the biopreparations applied in specific patterns, through their beneficial influence on the decrease in consequences of the respiratory system infections in pigs.
Successful results of earlier studies on testing the immune-modulating and anti-microbial properties of 1,2,4-triasole derivative as well as benefitial application of natural bio-stimulators in animal's prophylaxis and treatment inspired us to undertake further investigations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the prophylaxis effects of two natural immune-modulating agents, garlic (Allium sativum) extract and Echinovit C preparation and synthetic derivative of 1,2,4-triasole on non-specific immunity indices in slaughter turkey-hens. The results obtained suggest that the strongest stimulatory effect is exerted by garlic followed by 1,2,4-triasole derivative and Echinacea juice. Immune-modulating action of the substances applied was manifested by an increase in cellular immune parameters: the percentage of phagocyting cells, NBT-positive granulocytes and lysozyme level.
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