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The 53-year-old woman was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, despite the fact that she did not really meet the clinical criteria. Her only symptoms were clumsiness and weakness of the right extremities. Being a veterinary research worker she had been exposed to infectious material. In 1995, she was diagnosed with ELISA as having toxoplasmosis and treated as such. In 2002, after the infectious, flu-like disease, she revealed arthritis and drowsiness, also with memory and language impairment. The patient continued to have symptoms consistent with previously examined clumsiness. She was diagnosed with Lyme via ELISA and PCR, and treated. She made a full recovery from acute symptoms. After a few months, neurological and neuropsychological examinations were performed. On the background of mild cognitive decline apraxia and difficulties of attention were noted as the main problems. A apraxia of the right hand complicated the patient's life and depreciated her quality of life. The patient underwent MRI examination. FSE, FAST and FLAIR sequences were made. The MRI demonstrated the appearance of several small hyperintense lesions in the white matter of the left and right frontal and left parietal lobe. These lesions were typical of the post-inflammatory leucoencephalopathy. Additionally, a ring-shaped, low-intensity lesion in the posterior part of the left parietal lobe was noticed. The lesion was 8 mm in diameter and described to be an old toxoplasmosis lesion. The patient had been treated and the symptoms consistent with Lyme disease resolved. Patient continues to have symptoms consistent with focal destruction of the parietal lobe. Over the past six months, she has not progressed and relapsed in a manner that is consistent with MS.
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Lyme borreliosis

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Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by spirochaetal bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which is transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks. Several of Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies are pathogenic to humans. Endemic areas of the disease in Europe include: Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, Austria, Germany, Slovenia. In Poland the number of reported cases has increased since 1996 and large majority of all cases are diagnosed in Podlasie and Warmia-Mazuria provinces. The earliest symptom of Lyme borreliosis is characteristic skin rash, erythema migrans. If untreated, it can affect the nervous system, joints and the heart. Initial diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is based on symptoms, physical findings, and the history of a tick-bite. Centers for Disease Control recommended two-step laboratory testing. The first step is immunoserological testing with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the presence of specific antibodies. Only in case of positive or equivocal EIA, the second step with western blot technique should be carried out. Other diagnostic methods are not recommended. In early stages of the disease patients should receive oral antibiotics, e.g. amoxicillin, doxycycline or cefuroxime axetil, with treatment lasting 14–21 days. In some cases (neuroborreliosis, carditis and chronic arthritis) patients require intravenous treatment usually with ceftriaxone or penicillin for 14–28 days. Superiority of longer therapy with higher doses of antibiotics, combination treatment with two or more antibiotics, or sequence therapy is not supported by any results of clinical trials, therefore it should not be applied and recommended according to the principles of evidence based medicine.
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