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1

Ultra- and nanofiltration of acid-whey - changes in whey proteins profile

100%
Baczek N., Soral-Smietana M., Wronkowska M., Zander L., Dajnowiec F., Banaszczyk P.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 61
|
nr Suppl.1
2

Nanofiltration of cork wastewaters and their possible use in leather industry as tanning agents

100%
Geraldes V., Minhalma M., De P. M. N., Anil A., Ozgunay H., Bitlisli B. O., Sari O.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2009
|
tom 18
|
nr 3
353-357
Cork processing wastewater is a very complex mixture of vegetal extracts and has, among other natural compounds, a very high content of phenolic/tannic colloidal matter that is responsible for severe environmental problems. In the present work, the concentration of this wastewater by nanofiltration was investigated with the aim of producing a cork tannin concentrate to be utilized in tanning. Permeation results showed that the permeate fluxes are controlled by both osmotic pressure and fouling/gel layer phenomena, leading to a rapid decrease of permeate fluxes with the concentration factor. The rejection coefficients to organic matter were higher than 95%, indicating that nanofiltration has a very good ability to concentrate the tannins and produce a permeate stream depleted from organic matter. The cork tannin concentrate obtained by nanofiltration and evaporation had total solids concentration of 34.8 g/l. The skins tanned by this concentrate were effectively converted to leather with a shrinking temperature of 71℃ .
3

Removal of oil from model oily wastewater using the UF-NF hybrid process

100%
Orecki A., Tomaszewska M., Karakulski K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 1
Studies concerning the removal of oil from model wastewater using the hybrid process combining ultrafiltration and nanofiltration were performed. The separation and transport characteristics of the employed membranes were determined. The content of oil in wastewater was estimated by the determination of total organic carbon and oil concentration measurements using a Horiba OCMA-310. The investigations of oil wastewater treatment were carried out in two stages. The permeate obtained from the UF process (the first stage) generally contains less than 6 mg/dm3 of oil, whereas in the NF process (the second stage) the complete removal of oil was achieved.
4

Removal of natural estrogens and synthetic compounds considered to be endocrine disrupting substances [EDs] by coagulation and nanofiltration

100%
Bodzek M., Dudziak M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 1
Our paper presents the evaluation of retention coefficient of such natural estrogens as estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) as well as synthetic compounds considered to be endocrine disrupting substances (EDs) – ethynylestradiol (EE2), mestranol (MeEE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) in water treatment processes, i.e. coagulation and nanofiltration. Estrogens were retained in effect of the adsorption on the particles of humic acids and on floccules of Al(OH)₃ and Fe(OH)₃. The efficiency of coagulation process was not good enough to remove these compounds completely from water. As a second stage of water treatment, nanofiltration was proposed. In this process, estrogens were adsorbed on membranes in their pores (Jv/Jw<1), and their retention was dependent on hydrophobility of micropollutants (logKow). The best treatment results were obtained for polyamide membrane (NF-DS5DK) within the range 93.5-99.9%.
5

Characterization of chemical composition of dried acid-whey preparations obtained by various membrane separation processes

84%
Jadacka M., Soral-Smietana M., Wronkowska M., Zander L., Dajnowiec F., Banaszczyk P.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 61
|
nr Suppl.1
6

Removal of hazardous metals from groundwater by reserve osmosis

84%
Pawlak Z., Zak S., Zablocki L.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 4
This EPA treatment technology project was designed to collect data on the performance of existing water treatment processes in order to remove arsenic on pilot-scale. Our paper contains verification testing of the reverse osmosis membrane module conducted over a 30-day period at the Spiro Tunnel Bulkhead water (Park City, Utah, USA), which is considered to be a ground water. The total arsenic concentration in the feedwater averaged 60 ppb during the test period and was reduced to an average of 1 ppb in the treated (permeate) water. The work reported here focused on obtaining accurate readings for arsenic valence states (III) and (V), using an anion exchange resin column. The dominant arsenic species in the abandoned silver mine tunnel feedwater was As(V). Results of analysis showed that 70% of the arsenic present in the feed- water was in dissolved form. Arsenic speciation for valence states (III) and (V) showed that arsenic (V) represented 76% of the dissolved arsenic in the source water. The method detection limit (MDL) for arsenic using ICP-MS was determined to be 0.1 ppb. Our matrix spiked recovery, spiked blank samples and refer­ence materials deviated only a few percentage points from the listed true values.
7

Characteristics of acid whey powder partially demineralised by nanofiltration

84%
Dec B., Chojnowski W.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2006
|
tom 15/56
|
nr Spec.Issue 1
The chemical composition and solubility of acid whey powders obtained from nanofltered and neutralised wheys were studied. The change in the composition and acidity of acid whey powders caused by nanofiltration and neutralisation significantly influenced their solubility. With a decrease in ash content and acidity, the solubility was observed to increase. The correlation was found between ash content (r=0.843) and acidity to insolubility index (r=0.709). The study showed that the location of neutralisation in the technological process of acid whey powder had a significant influence on its properties. More favourable would be to apply acid whey neutralisation after nanofiltration. Diafiltered acid whey powders were characterised by the best properties, even better than those of the control sweet whey powder.
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