Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic multisystemic disease widespread in the Polish goat population. It is caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). The CAEV infection can lead to many clinical manifestations including neurological signs. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland. Case-control studies were based on data collected during three disease surveys carried out in a population of goats covered by a milk recording program. The data were collected in 1996, 2002 and 2007 in 72, 57 and 39 herds, respectively. ELISA test was applied to classify herds as seropositive and seronegative. No statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of neurological signs in adult goats and the presence of seropositive goats in a herd could be shown. Odds ratios for exposure calculated using the results of the studies from 2002 and 2007 (ORexp = 0.633 and 0.513, respectively) were statistically insignificant (α = 0.05). Neurological signs were observed significantly more often (α = 0.01) in adult goats than in kids. The study provided serological and histopathological diagnosis of a case of the neurologic form of CAE in an 11-week-old kid with a typical clinical presentation. It is the first instance that the condition has been diagnosed by laboratory methods in Poland. The prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland seems to be very low. It was estimated that it occurs in at most 0.65% of herds per year and it does not seem to be of high clinical importance in Poland.
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