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The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.
The paper presents the results of measurements of some chemical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers taken from north-east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and most of them in former time were under subirrigation systems. The following basic chemical properties were analysed: organic C, total N, C:N ratio, pH and ash content. In the paper also the relationships between some basic chemical and physical properties were analysed (ash content with bulk density, particle density and porosity). Increasing of ash content caused the decreasing of some chemical properties (organic carbon and total nitrogen content) and increasing some physical properties (bulk density and particle density).
The influence of the kind of moorsh and the state of its transformation, as expressed in numerical values of the water absorption index W1, on the germination conditions of Lolium perenne seeds and further growth of young plants have been studied. It was found out that the main factor differentiating these conditions was grain structure of the moorsh mass that determined water conductive properties of the studies soils. The highestnumber of germinated seeds (40-85%) and the best plant growth was observed on peaty moorshes (Z1) of fine fibrous character with fresh humus admixture. Considerably worse conditions for darnel germination and growth (25-50% of germinated seeds) were found on proper fine-grained moorsh (Z3). It was confirmed by a relatively low dty mass yield of plants collected on these soils after completion of the experiment. The highest differentiation of seedlings, and at the same time the poorest germination were found on the proper degraded moorsh with crumble-grained structure with poor conductivity, and on peaty fibrous moorsh that formed a macro-porous layer on the soil surface in the conditions of intensive insolation and high air temperatures. This macro-porous layer efficiently limited capillary rise and evaporation. It was observed that the stale of transformation of moorsh formations expressed with numerical values of the W1 index did not exert any visible influence on the conditions of plant vegetation. The above observation proved that the W1 index is only vaguely connected with the soil conductive properties.
In order to determine the direction of moorshy soil organic substance transformation, especially its fraction composition under different humidity conditions laboratory experiments was carried out using a Column Device for investigation the soil with irrigation (PO no. 54427). Soil material was taken from accumulation horizon of mineral-moorshy soil from the 0-10 cm layer, placed in columns and irrigated afler appropriate preparation using following water doses: 0 - without irrigation, I - to fill the capillary water capacity, II-615 ml, III - 1042 ml, IV - 1657 ml. The fractions of humus, reaction, sorption properties and total content of carbon and nitrogen were determined in the soil material with methods commonly used in soil science. The results indicate that along with the increase of water dose increase the amount of eluted total carbon from the soil material. Quantity changes of total carbon are accompanied by qualitative and quantitative changes of particular determined humus.
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