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Two trials were conducted. In trial I three lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian (PF) cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. In each feeding cycle animals were offered one of three following diets: (1) without supplementation (C diet – control), (2) C diet supplemented with fish and rapeseed oils blend 1:1 (FR diet), and (3) C diet supplemented with commercial protected fat (CPF diet). In trial II, ten lactating PF cows were offered C diet, and another ten – FR diet. In both trials fat supplements constituted up to 4% of the diet dry matter. FR diet strongly affected the fatty acid composition of rumen fluid and milk of cows. Content of oleic acid and Rother MUFAs increased, while that of total SFAs dropped in the rumen and, in both trials, in milk. The FR diet led to increase in the c9 t11 CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) isomer content of milk in both trials.In trial II the t10 c12 CLA concentration of milk increased in cows fed the FR diet. It is evident that during the summer feeding based on fresh green forage, good results regarding milk fatty acid content can still be improved by feeding rapeseed oil and fish oil.
Рассмотрены общие основные составляющие при различных вариантах организации доения коров. На их основе разработана математическая модель. Она учитывает основные факторы влияния на процесс производства молока в виде структуризации линии его транспортировки, также указывает на наименее защищенную область, что дает возможность предложить меры защиты
From the second week after calving to the 120th day of lactation a mineral-fat (PMT) supplement was used in feeding high yield cows; group I - 1.1 kg, group II - 0.8 kg daily per animal. In the first four months of lactation, a statistically significant higher daily milk yield was noted from cows from the experiment groups as related to those from the control group (ca. 1.5 kg daily). In the group where the dose of the supplement was lower, the amount of lactose and fat in milk was significantly higher (0.29%). This resulted in a higher FCM milk yield (ca. 2.60 kg daily). No significant influence of PMT on other milk components, its technological parameters, content of fatty acids nor the biochemical parameters of the serum of the cows was noted. The analysis of yield and the parameters of milk and blood indicates that the amount of PMT in the daily feed doses should not exceed 0.8 kg per animal.
Fungal mastitis in cows is an increasing issue. The aim of the examination was to evaluate the species and enzymatic activity of yeast-like fungi from mastitis in cows. One hundred and twenty-six strains isolated from secretions of clinically and subclinically inflamed quarters of 102 cows were tested with the use of API 20 C AUX and then 63 strains were examined for enzymatic activity (API ZYM). Candida inconspicua (34.9% ), C. kefyr (19.9% ), C. krusei (11.1%) and S. cerevisiae (10.3%) were the mostly isolated species. Yeast from bovine mastitis showed activity of 12 enzymes, but alkaline phosphatase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase and Naphthol-AS-B1-phosphohydrolase were stated at the highest level.
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