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To estimate the current prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs and cats, a total of 105 fresh faecal samples were collected from rural areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Each faecal sample was examined for the presence of GI parasites by microscopic examination after formalin-ether concentration technique and for protozoa, trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were employed. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was 88.6% (95% CI = 82.5–94.7) in which 88.3% of dogs and 89.3% of cats were infected with at least one parasites species, respectively. There were 14 different GI parasites species (nematodes, cestodes and protozoa) detected, including Ancylostoma spp. (62.9%), Toxocara spp. (32.4%), Trichuris vulpis (21.0%), Spirometra spp. (9.5%), Toxascaris leonina (5.7%), Dipylidium caninum (4.8%), Ascaris spp. (2.9%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.0%) and others. General prevalence of GI parasites showed a significant difference between helminth (84.4%) and protozoa (34.3%) infections. Monoparasitism (38.1%) was less frequent than polyparasitism (46.7%). As several of these GI parasites are recognized as zoonotic agents, the results of this investigation revealed that local populations may be exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents by means of environmental contamination with dogs and cats faeces and this information should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures have to be taken in order to reduce the prevalence rates especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to people, poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding together with a lack in veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness.
The aim of this paper is to present the results of comparative evaluation of the usefulness of PCR and microscopic methods in the detection of processed animal protein in feedingstuffs. Out of 127 samples of feedingstuffs examined by microscopic method 82 (64.57%) were found to be positive. In comparing the results obtained by microscopic examination and PCR technique, it was found that both methods agreed in 67.7% giving 44 positive and 42 negative results. The rest results (32.3%) were not coincident. In the validation study, the limit of the detection for PCR was determined on 0.2% for beef and pork meat and bone meal (MBM) and 0.1% for poultry MBM. Analysing results received with the help of the microscopic method and PCR technique it is possible to state that the molecular biology methods can at present, be used as a supplementary method.
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