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The aim of our study was to evaluate whether in women with chlamydial cervicitis urogenital mycoplasmas and group B streptococci (GBS) colonization is found more often than among women with non-chlamydial cervicitis. This study included 351 (mean age 31.7 ±6.82) not pregnant, menstruating, sexually active women. We confirmed a high frequency (49.3%) of C. trachomatis infection among women with cervicitis. Cervical ectopia was confirmed in 26.5% of examined women, in half of them ectopia was associated with chlamydial infection. We did not notice differences in frequency of colonization by urogenital mycoplasmas and GBS among women with chlamydial and non-chlamydial cervicitis.
The study has been carried out to determine the frequency of C. difficile recovery in stool cultures and the rate of C. difficile toxin A detection in faecal specimens of patients with nosocomial diarrhoea. Clinical specimens comprised 4414 stool samples collected from 1998 to 2002 from adult patients hospitalised in different wards of a university-affiliated hospital (1200 beds) and suspected of C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). There have been 1308 (29.6%) specimens positive for C. difficile culture (15.1% in 1998, 29.5% in 1999, 33.8% in 2000, 31.2% in 2001 and 32.0% in 2002). The highest number of C. difficile strains was cultured from stool samples of patients hospitalised in the haematology/oncology ward (51.1% of all isolates), neurology (8.3%), nephrology (8.0%), gastrointestinal surgery (7.0%) and neurosurgery (6.2%) wards. The testing for C. difficile toxin A yielded 847 (19.2%) positive samples and 3567 (80.8%) toxin A-negative results. The percentage of C. difficile toxin A-positive samples was 29.4% in 1998, 17.5% in 1999, 23.2% in 2000, 17.1% in 2001 and 15.0% in 2002. In the analysed period we observed an increase in the number of stool specimens tested for C. difficile and an increase in the number of C. difficile culture-positive samples. A decrease in the number of C. difficile toxin A-positive samples was noted in the last 2 years of the study. This phenomenon may be due to an improved antibiotic policy of the hospital.
Roche’s xCelligence impedance-measuring instrument is one of a few commercially available systems of such type. According to the best knowledge of authors, instrument was tested so far only for eukaryotic cell research. The aim of this work was to estimate xCELLigence suitability for the microbiological tests, including (i) measurement of morphological changes in eukaryotic cells as a result of bacterial toxin activity, (ii) measurement of bacterial biofilm formation and (iii) impact of antiseptics on the biofilm structure. To test the influence of bacterial LT enterotoxin on eukaryotic cell lines, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line and reference strain Escherichia coli ATTC 35401 were used. To investigate Roche’s instrument ability to measure biofilm formation and impact of antiseptics on its development, Staphylococcus aureus ATTC6538 reference strain was used. The data generated during the experiments indicate excellent ability of xCelligence instrument to detect cytopathic effect caused by bacterial LT endotoxin and to detect staphylococcal biofilm formation. However, interpretation of the results obtained during real-time measurement of antiseptic’s bactericidal activity against staphylococcal biofilm, caused many difficulties. xCelligence instrument can be used for real-time monitoring of morphological changes in CHO cells treated with bacterial LT enterotoxin and for real-time measurement of staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro. Further investigation is necessary to confirm suitability of system to analyze antiseptic’s antimicrobial activity against biofilm in vitro.
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