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The marine species richness (MSR) recorded in 159 sandy beach surveys was analysed in relation to beach width (W). MSR is the number of macrobenthic species collected in a standard intertidal transect survey, excluding insects. Beach width (W) was estimated by dividing the spring tide range [m] by the beach face slope, to give a value in [m]. The relationship between MSR and W was best described by a semilog (exponential) model, which was highly significant: MSR = −5.2+ 10.8 logW. The fit of a power model (MSR = cWz) was also significant. The steep slope of the curve for a power model (z = 0.49) suggests that beaches function as isolated rather than contiguous habitats and that the nature of the habitat becomes more benign as beaches widen. There are some latitudinal effects, with tropical beaches displaying a higher species-area relationship for any beach width than other regions.
Communities of parasites of European perch from lake Łebsko were studied and compared with similar communities from the Polish coastal zone. Parasites comprised 18 autogenic and 5 allogenic species. Most individual parasites belonged to allogenic species and were in larval stages. The majority of specimens were eye parasites with Tylodelphys clavata as the eudominant species. The dominant species, Acanthocephalus lucii, belongs to the intestine parasite community. Three marine species were found: Bothriocephalus scorpii, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Echinorchynhus gadi. The results indicate that the parasite fauna consists mostly of freshwater species, common in various types of European waters, while marine species were rarely observed.
Background. The twaite shad, Alosa fallax (Lacepčde, 1803), is a migratory marine species which lives in North Atlantic and sporadically appears in the Baltic Sea. Parasites of the twaite shad are poorly known, especially those infecting the fish occurring in the Baltic. Materials and Methods. Within 2003–2005, 100 individuals of A. fallax, caught in the southern Baltic, were examined for the presence of parasites following commonly used procedures. Results. The parasites found represented Digenea: Diplostomum spp. and Nematoda: Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802), Hysterothylacium aduncum aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), and Desmidocercella numidia (Seurat, 1920). The overall prevalence was 74.0%, while mean intensity averaged 10.5. The most frequent parasites were Diplostomum spp. (62.0%, 10.5) and C. osculatum (39.0%, 2.2). This study constitutes the first rekord of Diplostomum spp., C. osculatum, and D. numidica in twaite shad. Conclusion. The parasite fauna of the twaite shad from the southern Baltic Sea is poorly diversified, but the intensity and prevalence of infections are relatively high.
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