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Chalcedonite is a sedimentary siliceous rock, which occurs at four deposits in Poland and is included into a group of unique rocks. Chalcedonite is utilized in water treatment technology, mostly as an effective fi ltration material due to its mesoporous structure and extended outer surface of the grains. This paper presents three different methods of impregnation of the mineral material (MDMC-1, MDMC-2, MDMC-3) by manganese dioxide. As an oxide carrier chalcedonite was used. The results of the chalcedonite surface modifi cation with SEM-EDS technique were presented. It was found that the chalcedonite is a very good manganese dioxide carrier and the modification of the chalcedonite surface changes its chemical composition, structure and value of the specific surface area.
Mining association rules (MAR) are applied in elucidating on the abundances and association of Fe minerals in soils within the proximity of an abandoned manganese oxide (MnO^) mine. Four hundred soil samples were obtained from a 4 km2 area close to the abandoned mine in Kgwakgwe, Botswana. The Fe minerals in the soil samples were identified by x-ray diffractometry. Results depicted haematite and goe- thite present in different abundances: none, trace, minor and major in soils from the study area but only haematite in soils from the control site. From 16 possible combinations of the two Fe minerals in the soil samples, MAR results for confidence, certainty factor, lift and support, depicted haematite in major quan­tity to be the most influential. This fact is substantiated by its occurrence in the country shales.
One of the methods of detoxification of sulphides in wastewater (WW) of tanneries could be their oxidation by use of MnO2. This material, as well as the product of the chemical reaction between sulphides and this material is not left in WW and does not pollute it. The amount of sulphides and the pH of solution have an influence on oxidation process duration; it is longer when the sulphide amount and pH in the WW is higher. Optimal temperature of the treatment is 30°C. Oxidation goes faster if the size of Mn02 particles does not exceed 0.1 mm. The possibilities of repeated use of MnO2 were investigated. The stable efficiency of the MnO2 could be obtained by putting at first 0.5% of MnO2 and additionally 0.05% of MnO2 of the solution mass for every following cycle of the treatment.
Contribution of clay mineral phase (<2 um) and organic matter to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of two clayey soils (gleyic black earths from Gniew) was investigated. The XRD analysis showed dominance of illite and mixed laver illite/smectite as well as the presence of smectite, chlorite and trace of kaolinite in the clay fraction of studied soils. CEC of the soils ranged between 22.08-32.64 cmol(+)/kg. After removal of organic matter with 30% H2O2, CEC the above values decreased significantly. However, the CEC of organic and inorganic components is not an additive. This may be explained by the formation of organo-mineral complexes, which might lower the CEC of the soil as a whole.
Przedstawiono wyniki ilustrujące udział frakcji związanych z tlenkami żelaza i manganu w całkowitej zawartości Cu, Pb, Zn oraz metaloidu As w 20 próbkach gleb zanieczyszczonych, na przykładzie stref ochronnych hut miedzi oraz rejonu polimetalicznego złoża Żeleźniak w Górach Kaczawskich
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