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Forestry’s contribution to livestock feed in Uttarakhand, India: a quantitative assessment of volume and economic value

100%

Pandey R.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 2

Livestock sector forms an important livelihood activity for farmers, through supporting agriculture and supplementing income in India. The lack of availability of sufficient feed is one of the major limiting factors for better productivity of livestock. The feed are of two types as roughages (high in crude fibrous material) available at public forest, farm lands, etc. and concentrates (high in nutrients and mixture of oil, coarse grain, and cereals). The general degradation of forest reduces the fodder availability, severely. Therefore, improving forest condition may provide pathways for sustainability of both, livestock and forest. This may be addressed through sustainable forest management, which requires scientific inputs and may be shifting of some demand of locals to other resources. This requires huge amount from government. Presently, livestock sector is part of the Agriculture and Allied Activities sector in the accounting system of India, and therefore, all related shares and expenditure is part of the component. This results into under allocation for the actual shares of forestry contribution to livestock, in the Forestry and Logging sector. This occurs primarily, due to the lack of scientific information on the share and value of fodder from forest. This study has been undertaken to estimate the share and economic value of forests derived livestock feed. Primary data has been collected as per pretested questionnaire from 316 randomly selected households engaged in livestock rearing from 66 villages distributed across the Uttarakhand, India. Information pertaining to the fodder to livestock from all sources and socio-economic attributes were collected from each household to understand the feed consumption behavior of livestock. The feed sources were classified in forests, other than forests and market. The shares and economic value of livestock feed derived from different sources has been estimated for all livestock. The prices of various feeds were either collected directly from market or estimated through non market valuation techniques based on two scenarios (contingent valuation and ratio of dry and green matter basis of 0.40). The average proportion of feed quantity consumed by livestock was 58% from forests, 39% from other than forests and 3% from markets for hilly region. It was 97% from other than forests and 3% from markets for plain region. For hilly region, the proportion of economic value varies from 40– 41% for forest; 40– 41% for agriculture and 18– 20% from market. The total value of forest fodder was Rs 4811 millions in scenario 1 and Rs 5209 millions in scenario 2 for the Uttarakhand. The study concludes and recommends that these proportions may be utilized to allocate the appropriate share of livestock feed into Forestry and Logging sector, which may results into the realistic share of the sector.

2

Current issues connected with usage of genetically modified crops in production of feed and livestock feeding

100%

Kwiatek K., Mazur M., Sieradzki Z.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2008

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tom 11

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nr 4

411-414

Progress, which is brought by new advances in modern molecular biology, allowed interference in the genome of live organisms and gene manipulation. Introducing new genes to the recipient organism enables to give them new features, absent before. Continuous increase in the area of the biotech crops triggers continuous discussion about safety of genetically modified (GM) crops, including food and feed derived from them. Important issue connected with cultivation of genetically modified crops is a horizontal gene transfer and a bacterial antibiotic resistance. Discussion about safety of GM crops concerns also food allergies caused by eating genetically modified food. The problem of genetic modifications of GM crops used for livestock feeding is widely discussed, taking into account Polish feed law.

3

Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds in Tamil Nadu, India

67%

Vijayasamundeeswari A., Mohankumar M., Karthikeyan M., Vijayanandraj S., Paranidharan V., Velazhahan R.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2009

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tom 49

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nr 2

221-224

Aflatoxins, a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, have adverse health effects on humans and livestock that ingest aflatoxin- contaminated food products and feeds. To secure the safety of food and feed, regular monitoring of aflatoxin levels is necessary. In order to understand the magnitude of aflatoxin contamination, a survey was conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India and 242 samples consisting of pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds were collected from farmers' fields, poultry farms, retail shops and supermarkets and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antiserum raised against aflatoxin B1-Bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA). The results indicated that 61.3% of the maize kernel samples were contaminated with AFB1 and the levels of AFB1 in 26% of the pre- and post-harvest maize kernels exceeded 20 μg/kg. The highest level of AFB1 (245 μg/kg) was recorded in post-harvest maize kernel samples. In food products AFB1 was detected only in two samples out of 30 samples tested. Furthermore, the levels ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 μg/kg. In poultry feeds, AFB1 was detected in 30 out of 53 samples and the levels ranged from 0.7 to 31.6 μg/kg. Among the 40 livestock feed samples evaluated 29 samples were contaminated with AFB1 at level ranging from 1.8 to 244.9 μg/kg.

4

Przygotowanie kiszonki z traw

67%

Glowacka A.

Agrochemia

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1996

|

nr 06

6-7

5

Mieszanki tresciwe z pasz gospodarskich

59%

Strzetelski J., Osieglowski S.

Agrochemia

|

1998

|

nr 01

15-17

6

Wlasne mieszanki tresciwe w dawkach pokarmowych dla krow

59%

Strzetelski J., Osieglowski S.

Agrochemia

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1998

|

nr 02

23-26

7

Wykorzystanie ziarna zboz w mieszankach paszowych [cz.1]. Mieszanki dla drobiu

59%

Koreleski J.

Agrochemia

|

1997

|

nr 11

18-20

8

Nie zawsze tania pasza = tania produkcja

59%

Agrochemia

|

1995

|

nr 12

19

9

Ekonomika produkcji krolikow rzeznych [II]. Zywienie paszami gospodarskimi

51%

Piorkowska M., Okularczyk S., Kowalska D., Niedzwiadek S.

Agrochemia

|

1996

|

nr 01

22-24

10

Gospodarskie rady

43%

nuc

Agrochemia

|

1996

|

nr 12

11

Gospodarskie rady

43%

jan

Agrochemia

|

1995

|

nr 10

12

Gospodarskie rady

43%

nuc

Agrochemia

|

1996

|

nr 08

13

Gospodarskie rady

34%

m

Agrochemia

|

1998

|

nr 12

14

Gospodarskie rady

34%

jan

Agrochemia

|

1995

|

nr 06

Ograniczanie wyników

Forestry’s contribution to livestock feed in Uttarakhand, India: a quantitative assessment of volume and economic value

Current issues connected with usage of genetically modified crops in production of feed and livestock feeding

Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds in Tamil Nadu, India

Przygotowanie kiszonki z traw

Mieszanki tresciwe z pasz gospodarskich

Wlasne mieszanki tresciwe w dawkach pokarmowych dla krow

Wykorzystanie ziarna zboz w mieszankach paszowych [cz.1]. Mieszanki dla drobiu

Nie zawsze tania pasza = tania produkcja

Ekonomika produkcji krolikow rzeznych [II]. Zywienie paszami gospodarskimi

Gospodarskie rady

Gospodarskie rady

Gospodarskie rady

Gospodarskie rady

Gospodarskie rady