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1

Survey of discarded bottles as an effective method in detection of small mammal diversity

100%
Kolenda K., Przybyl M., Pilacinska B., Rychlik L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2018
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tom 66
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nr 1
We assess if survey of containers discarded by people (and collected within environmental cleanup actions) may be an useful method in detection of small mammal species and how different parameters of containers affect mammal mortality. The discarded containers without stoppers were collected from two sites (one forest and one agricultural) in western Poland. In 13 bottles (out of 288 collected containers), 58 specimens belonging to 10 species were found. Remains were found mostly in color glass bottles with mouth diameter 18–31 mm and 0.5–5.0 l capacity. We detected only six small mammal species during four short-term live-trapping sessions performed in the same sites. Thus, we suggest that the survey of discarded bottles may be an efficient complement to traditional scientific methods (as live-trapping), which can be performed by both specialists and amateurs, who, at the same time, would clean the environment of the ecological traps.
2

Habitat preferences of the bank vole Myodes glareolus in a Mediterranean mountain range

100%
Torre I., Arrizabalaga A.
Acta Theriologica
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2008
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tom 53
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nr 3
The bank voleMyodes glareolus Schreber, 1780 is a widely distributed rodent in Europe, being numerically dominant in small mammal communities living in temperate woodlands. However, it becomes scarce in southern Europe (Mediterranean area) where it reaches the southernmost limit of its distribution range. We studied the habitat preferences of bank voles in 9 plots in a transitional area between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian regions within a Mediterranean mountain. During the study period we captured 1919 small mammals of 9 species, including 287 bank voles (14.95%). Mean density ranged from zero individuals per plot (1.1 ha) at the boreo-subalpine scrubland to 10.27 ± 2.84 (SE) at a Mediterranean river woodland. Statistical path analysis was used to investigate relationships between mean bank vole density and climate and vegetation structure measured within plots. The variables selected by the structural equation model were those related to forest structure, like tree cover and height, dead vegetation, moss, and rock cover. Habitat moisture was also important (microclimatic conditions). Mean climate conditions (and elevation) did not have any significant effect on mean bank vole density, and no significant association with understorey vegetation (eg shrub and herbaceous cover) was observed. Our results pointed out that bank voles were habitat specialists in our study area, being more abundant and frequent in moist woodlands, and rare or absent in shrublands and grasslands.
3

Winter home ranges and movements of polecats Mustela putorius in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland

100%
Brzezinski M., Jedrzejewski W., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
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1992
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tom 37
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nr 1-2
Polecats Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758 inhabiting a 4.5-km stretch of Orłówka stream in the Białowieża National Park, were studied by live-trapping in autumn and winter 1989 - 91. Ten polecats (6 males and 4 females) were captured. Every winter, from 1 to 3 polecats resided on the stream, and 1 to 3 transient polecats appeared on the river for short periods. None of the captured polecats persisted on the stream for three winters. The home ranges of resident males (estimated linearly along the stream) varied from 1 to 3.05 km, and those of females from 0.65 to 1.65 km. The home ranges of females were exclusive, but they could be completely overlapped by male home ranges. Radio-tracking of one resident male showed that its average daily movement distance was 1.1 km (range 0-2.1 km). During 19 days, it utilised 8 dens. Among polecats captured as pests by farmers in the village of Białowieża (n = 94) between 1960 and 1990, males predominated (sex ratio 1.7:1). Most individuals (54%) were captured in the cold season (November - February). The most likely cause of their appearance in the village was due to freezing of the rivers, which deprived the polecats of access to anurans and made them search for other food sources. From March till June, almost all the animals captured were males (of large body size). Their influx to the village might have resulted from their mating strategy: nomadism in search for receptive females. Polecats caught in autumn (males and females equally numerous) had low weights. They were the young dispersing from their natal ranges.
4

Flooding ecology of voles, mice and shrews: the importance of geomorphological and vegetational heterogeneity in river floodplains

80%
Wijnhoven S., Van der Velde G., Leuven R. S. E. W., Smits A. J. M.
Acta Theriologica
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2005
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tom 50
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nr 4
453-472
Since voles, mice and shrews are important animals in food chains of river floodplains, there is a need for data on their spatial and temporal distribution in periodically flooded areas. During a live trapping study between two successive floods in an embanked river floodplain, the ’Afferdensche en Deestsche Waarden (ADW)’, six species were frequently observed, viz,Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778),Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780),Sorex araneus (Linnaeus, 1758),Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780),Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1771) andApodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Ungrazed rough herbaceous vegetation appeared to be rich in numbers and species, whereas no spoors of small mammals were observed in large parts of the ADW floodplain (eg bare substrates and maize fields). Vegetation structure seemed to be very important in guiding the recolonisation process after flood events. Throughout the year the highest numbers of small mammals were captured on and near the non-flooded elevated parts functioning as refugia during inundation. Poor habitat connectivity, sparseness of non-flooded recolonisation sources and small numbers of survivors led to slow recolonisation. The time between two successive floods (eight months) was not long enough for entire recolonisation of ADW. Small mammal densities at more than 30 m from the non-flooded areas were always lower than in non-flooded areas.
5

Movement behaviour of woodland rodents: looking from beyond small trapping grids

80%
Rajska-Jurgiel E.
Acta Theriologica
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2001
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tom 46
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nr 2
Live-trapping of rodents was conducted over a 12-ha plot on unevenly spaced trap lines, with inner lines forming a 3.5-ha grid of closely spaced traps. This design was used to estimate the probability that bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) and yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) trapped in small grids are true residents rather than visitors from the surrounding area. On average, 12% of the voles and 19% of the mice were trapped within and beyond the grid in the same trapping sessions. As these were mainly wide-ranging males moving over the plot, home ranges of males may be underestimated on small grids. In total, 36% of voles and 39% of mice that were marked in spring-summer were trapped at least once in their life beyond the grid. Typically, these were individuals shifting home ranges and migrating to or from the grid. The size of lifetime ranges of rodents was significantly larger than temporary home ranges and may therefore be underestimated on small grids. "Single­-capture" individuals were mainly true transients rather than visitors. Only 12% of voles and 15% of mice resided on the plot for longer time than in the grid.
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