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The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels in mares during peripartum period. Twelve pregnant mares (Group A) were weekly monitored from the last 6 weeks before foaling (6BF-1BF) until the first 3 weeks after foaling (1AF-3AF). Twelve non-pregnant non-lactating mares constituted the control (Group B). Jugular blood samples were analyzed for plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentration. ACTH showed higher values (P<0.05) at 1BF compared to the postpartum data points (1AF, 2AF and 3AF) in Group A. Cortisol levels were higher (P<0.05) at 1BF and 2BF compared to the 3AF in Group A. A significant positive correlation between ACTH and cortisol values was found in mares from Group A throughout the peripartum period (Pearson’s r=0.40; P=0.0028). The Dunnet’s test showed lower ACTH values in Group A at postpartum data points than control, and higher cortisol levels in Group A throughout prepartum times and at 1AF than control (P<0.0001). The decrease of ACTH and cortisol levels found during the early postpartum period could indicate a reduced HPA response to physical and/or psychological stress during this physiological phase. This could help the mare to protect against stress-associated inhibition of lactation, relieve psychological stress, and enhance her immune function. Further studies involving the evaluation of prolactin and sex steroid hormones values are needed to fully understand the dynamic hormonal changes occurring in pregnant and lactating mares in order to permit clinicians to make appropriate interpretation of the results.
Constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase isoforms have been detected in various mammalian tissues. Their activity is blocked by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that may induce various side reactions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of DFU, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function and the immunoexpression of both COX isoforms in maternal and foetal rat pancreases. The compound was administered to pregnant Wistar rats once daily from the 8th to the 21st day of gestation. Glucose level and amylase activity were determined in the maternal sera. Maternal and foetal pancreases were examined histologically. Immunoexpression of COX-1 and COX-2 was also evaluated. Both biochemical parameters, as well as the histological structure of the pancreas were undisturbed in the dams and their foetuses. The maternal glucose level was found to be an important factor for foetal growth. Strong cytoplasmic COX-1 immunostaining was observed in acinar secretory cells, whereas in islets the immune reaction was weak. Endocrine cells also revealed strong cytoplasmic COX-2 staining in the maternal and foetal pancreases. Acinar cells exhibited nuclear reaction, which was strong in the foetal but weak in the maternal pancreases. No differences in COX immunoexpression were found between the DFU-exposed and the control groups in either mothers or foetuses. It should be stressed that DFU administered throughout mid and late pregnancy in rats did not change maternal or foetal pancreatic morphology or immunoexpression of either of the main COX isoforms in the organ.
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