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The elaboration of optimal parameters for PCR and Nested-PCR for the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs was the aim of the studies. Two sets of primers were designed on the base of the highly conserved flagellin-encoding gene of B. burgdorferi. Amplification of 437 bp and 144 bp fragments of flagellin gene was confirmed in 9 reference BSK-H cultured strains tested, including Polish isolate 236/2. The replication of strain 236/2 of B. burgdorferi in Vero cells was also confirmed by PCR. The application of both PCR and N-PCR for examination of 51 sera collected from dogs with clinical signs indicating natural infection with B. burgdorferi enabled detection of spirochetes in 14 samples. Results of our studies confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of elaborated PCR and N-PCR which can be used to detect B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains both in inoculated BSK-H medium and Vero cells as well as in serum samples of naturally infected dogs.
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of campylobacteriosis in population of Polish heifers. An additional objective was to compare two independent methods used in diagnosis of the disease: culture and PCR. The 1,600 vaginal swabs from heifer origin from different farms of Poland were investigated using both methods. The results showed that the percentage of positive samples was 0.75% when the culture method was used, while the application of PCR method has shown 1.81% positive results.
Serology plays an important role in laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis. Apart from the most often used microscopic agglutination test (MAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) seems to be useful especially in screenings of animal herds. The ELISA used for detection of antibodies against selected Leptospira serogroups in swine serum samples was investigated during the study. An essential element of this test is heat-stable antigenic preparation from cultures of Leptospira interrogans serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe. The aim of the present study was to identify and analyze ELISA heat-stable antigen fractions playing a role in the reaction with leptospiral antibodies indicated in swine serum. Reactivity of the three-component antigenic preparation was compared in immunoblotting with reactivity of six heat-stable antigenic preparations made from the following single serovars: L. interrogans serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Canicola, L. borgpetersenii serovars Sejroe, Tarassovi and L. kirshneri serovar Grippotyphosa. All antigenic preparations were submitted to SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using a semidry system. After the transfer, the membrane was incubated with diluted swine serum containing antibodies specific for one of the six above mentioned Leptospira serovars. For the three-component antigenic preparation and antigens prepared from single serovars the immunoblot revealed reaction of sera with fractions of the 20-26 kDa region and around the 14.5 kDa region. The investigated heat-stable Leptospira antigenic preparation contains fractions demonstrating serogroup- and species-specificity. Fraction 20-26 kDa showed serogroup-specific activity, whereas the fraction around 14.5 kDa showed species-specific activity.
The paper describes application and optimisation of hnRT-PCR in the detection of the fragment of nucleoprotein gene of Lyssaviruses (genotypes 1 and 5) as a method for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in terrestrial animals and bats. The heminested RT-PCR, because of its sensitivity and rapidity, it may be used as a technique for rabies diagnosis. The method can be applied both in living animals as well as in the case of post mortem collected samples. It provides not only rapid detection of rabies virus but also gives the material for sequencing of the PCR products for final identification of origin of the strain and epidemiological analysis.
A nested PCR which amplified a part of the mitochondrial gene encoding the large subunit of rRNA of Pneumocystis carinii was used to detect P. carinii DNA in sera obtained from HIV-infected patients and immunosuppressed rats. P. carinii DNA was found in sera from nearly 52% of rats between 6th and 9th week of immunosuppressive treatment and in 12 serum samples out of 51 collected from HIV-infected patients, including 4 from clinically suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of PCP. The results of the studies indicated that DNA of P. carinii is most likely to appear in the blood in the advanced infection, however, the test for serum DNA may be of little value for the diagnosis of PCP since negative results do not exclude active infections and positive ones may be encountered in asymptomatic carriers.
The aim of presented preliminary studies was the application of PCR for rapid and accurate diagnosis of CAV-1 infection in dogs. The 301 bp PCR product of CAV-1 was demonstrated in two lung and liver homogenates collected post-mortem from two dogs. The comparable studies of cytopathic effect evaluated at the 10th passage of homogenates in MDCK cells and PCR revealed 100% accordance of the results obtained by both tests. The simple and fast isolation of viral DNA with the use of Chelex was used in the presented studies. This modification of PCR procedure could also be used in field veterinary laboratories as a valuable method for detection of CAV-1 infection in dogs.
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The aim of this study was to detect Mycoplasma species in the respiratory tract of 110, 310 and 510 day-old groups of cattle by serological, bacteriological and histopathological investigations. Antibodies against M. bovis were found in 75% of the 110 day-old, in 50% – of the 310 day-old and in 55% – of the 510 day-old groups of cattle. Bacteriological examination of the samples from nasal cavities revealed that Mycoplasma carriers were found in 60% of the 110 day-old group of cattle, 40% of the 310 day-old and 40% of the 510 day-old group of cattle. Using the PCR method Mycoplasma was isolated from 25% of lung samples of the 510 day-old group of cattle. Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma dispar were confirmed by serological investigations. Foci of bronchointerstitial pneumonia were determined by histopathological examination in 27.5% of lung samples. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated in 72.7% of bronchointerstitial pneumonia cases. Data processing with an SPSS 13.0 statistical package led to the conclusion that Mycoplasma bovis was found more frequently in the 110 day-old group of cattle (the youngest age group in this study) rather than in the 310 and 510 day-old groups of cattle (χ2 = 6.531; p = 0.038). The results obtained led to the conclusion that serological, bacteriological and histopathological examinations are important in detecting particular animal – carriers of Mycoplasma.
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