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  1. 2 Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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  1. 2 Wysocki J.

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  1. 2 2006

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1

Anatomia topograficzna ucha srodkowego i wewnetrznego psa

100%
Wysocki J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 03
318-322
The topographical anatomy of domestic animals, including that of dogs, has been insufficiently described in current literature. The present study aimed at a systematic measurement and anatomical description of selected size parameters of dog’s temporal bones by performing a dissection of 12 specimens (24 temporal bones). It was noted that the air spaces of dog’s temporal bones are well developed and form a pneumatic system fed with air by the Eustachian tube. The largest element of this system is the tympanic bulla which is situated relatively superficially and creates an important landmark facilitating surgery in the middle ear. After opening the tympanic bulla the promontory is clearly visible as well as all auditory ossicles and tendons of the intrinsic muscles. The study also revealed that the middle ear has several bony recesses, penetrating the majority of the walls of the tympanic cavity and creating almost completely separate compartments. One of these compartments is an air cell situated beneath the facial canal - posterior to the promontory. The facial nerve on this segment is deprived of its bony sheath, and creates a possible path of nerve damage by bacterial toxins during otitis media. Additionally, the proximity of the middle ear with other structures of skull is also important: the epitympanic recess of the middle ear is close to the venous temporal canal, and the region of the orifice of the Eustachian tube is close to the internal carotid artery canal. The semicircular canals are of considerable size, the greatest one being the superior canal and the smallest the posterior canal. Only 4, not 5 openings of semicircular canals in dog’s vestibules were studied because two of them possess common side paths in the bony labyrinth. From the parameters measured the most stable were vestibule size (2×3 mm), and the most variable - cochlea (5.85-7.4 mm of height) and tympanic cavity (14.2-22.6 mm of length). However none of the studied parameters was significantly correlated with skull length.
2

Anatomia topograficzna ucha srodkowego i wewnetrznego kota

100%
Wysocki J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 04
432-436
The topographical anatomy of domestic animals, including cats, has hitherto not been thoroughly described. In the present study a systematic anatomical description and measurements of selected size parameters of temporal bones as well as skulls was performed on the basis of the dissection of twelve specimens (24 temporal bones). Air spaces of the middle ear in the cat are well developed, creating a pneumatic system where the Eustachian tube delivers fresh air. The greatest element of this system is the tympanic bulla. It is situated superficially and is an important landmark and an easy surgical path to the middle ear. After opening the tympanic bulla a bony septum is visible dividing the bulla into two parts: the ventro-medial and the dorso-lateral. Two openings communicate these almost fully separate spaces. One opening lies frontally to the promontory, another one is situated caudally to the round window niche. The tympanic cavity has several recesses, penetrating into its walls, and creating separate compartments to a certain degree. One of these compartments is epitympanic recess, embracing the head of the malleus and trunk of the incus, as well as an air cell beneath the facial canal, situated posteriorly to the promontory. The stapedius muscle is of considerable size, and is situated in the inferior part of the facial canal, superiorly to the oval window and partly rounded by the lateral semicircular canal. The semicircular canals are of considerable size also, although the superior one is the greatest and posterior one is the smallest. It was stated that in the cats vestibule there are only 4 not 5 openings for the semicircular canals, because of presence of two common crura. From among the measured size parameters the most stable were diameters of semicircular canals (about 3-4 mm), while the most variable - the size parameters of the tympanic cavity. The maximal height of the tympanic cavity, measured between two extreme points (tympanic bulla - epitympanic recess) was 13.2-16 mm, and the maximal length, measured from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the internal opening of the Eustachian tube, was 14.8-18.6 mm. There was no parameter significantly correlated with the total length of the skull.
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