A study of the insects inhabiting of cones of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Gorce National Park was conducted during 1998-2000. As a result of breeding and analyses of the cones from 180 trees at various altitudes above sea level, 17,803 specimens of cono- and seminiphagous insects and their parasitoids were collected. The insects belonging to 34 species from 5 orders. Coenotic groups of insects were distinguished, which were characterized with use of ecological indicators. Damage to cones and the losses of spruce seeds caused by pests were measured, with regard both to a variable cone crop abundance and to different altitudes above sea level.
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