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Erozja gleb pod różnymi systemami upraw w klimacie monsunowym Wyżyny Meghalaya (Indie) i zapis jej skutków w pokrywach stokowych

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Prokop P.

Prace i Studia Geograficzne

2010

tom 45

The Meghalaya Plateau, located in NE India, forms hilly horst block elevated to about 2000 m a.s.l. In the subtropical monsoonal climate, with strong mean annual rainfall gradient from 11,000 mm in Cherrapunji to 2,200 mm in Shillong and 1,600 mm in Gauhati were developed several cultivation systems. The shifting cultivation is the oldest and predominant system at lower elevations (such near Gauhati). It induces soil loss of about 40 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under cereals and perennial cropping on slopes up to 25-40°. As long as this system has long a cycle which permits forest regrowth on the abandoned fields, the effect of agricultural activity is not visible in the soil profiles. Intensive human activity (near Shillong), resulted in development of the sedentary agriculture, where soil erosion rates of about 55 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ are observed under potato cultivation. Radiocarbon dates of colluvial deposits in this area indicate intensification of agricultural human activity from at least 200-300 years. Closer to the southern margin of the plateau (near Cherrapunji), high monsoonal rainfall combined with cultivation in the past caused transformation of forest to grassland. The erosion below 2 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ indicates that compact pavement of soil and root grass system has exerted a greater control over the sediment transfer than the energy impact of the rainfall and overland flow. Only wet rice cultivation in populated valleys and creation of terraces does not threat the environment. Various forms of agriculture and accelerated soil erosion lead to the gradual retreat of cultivated fields from high to low rainfall areas on the Meghalaya Plateau.

Typy i częstotliwość opadów ulewnych i wezbrań oraz ich efekty geomorfologiczne w Karpatach i górach klimatu monsunowego

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Starkel L.

Prace i Studia Geograficzne

2012

tom 49

Mountains of Central Europe (like Carpathians) and monsoonal SE Asia are characterised by different rainfall regime and various frequency of extreme events. The altitude and course of mountain ranges decide on the direction of mass advection. But the geomorphological effects are regulated by substratum, relief and degree of degradation of natural ecosystems. The low Carpathians are affected by masses of various directions, carring downpours and continuous rains. High ranges of Himalayas form a barrier, which can not be crossed. Therefore the rainfalls rapidly drop down in the mountain interior (fig. 4, 5). The steep front of the Meghalaya Plateau receive the highest rainfall in the global scale. A distinct role is played by convection, therefore most of downpours has a local character (fig. 9, table 1). The high frequency of heavy rains is responsible for creation of armoured stony layer on the ground surface.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Prace i Studia Geograficzne

1 Prokop P.

1 Starkel L.

1 2012

1 2010

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Erozja gleb pod różnymi systemami upraw w klimacie monsunowym Wyżyny Meghalaya (Indie) i zapis jej skutków w pokrywach stokowych

Typy i częstotliwość opadów ulewnych i wezbrań oraz ich efekty geomorfologiczne w Karpatach i górach klimatu monsunowego