The aim of this study is an analysis of the equipment in productive factors in the new regions against the background of regions in the old EU countries, and also an analysis of equipment in labour force, land and capital depending on the economic size of a farm. The analysis indicated that the regions of the new states (i.e. admitted on May 1, 2004) are characterized by a small economic size of farms, not exceeding 20 ESU. Doubling of labour efficiency in these farms requires very large investments, especially in current assets, to a smaller degree in fixed assets.