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Larval galleries and exit holes of adult insects in wood and bark are a conspicuous indication of the occurrence of many species. Therefore it allows the qualitative and quantitative examination of insect populations. However, evaluation of adult body size based on the size and shape of galleries and exit holes was not practiced. We analyzed relationship between selected biometric traits (pronotal width, elytral width, and length of elytron) of adult Rosalia alpina (L.) − an endangered representative of the longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) − and the size and shape of their exit holes. Based on the laboratory reared individuals, we evaluate the size and shape of exit hole of each adult. Adult biometric traits were strongly correlated with each other. No sexual differences were found in adult beetle size and exit hole size and shape. The size of exit holes was, however, a good indicator of adult body size. The correlation between exit hole size and the size of adult R. alpina was highly significant for all studied traits, whereas exit hole shape was weakly correlated with adult size. The results of this study show new possibilities for applying the size of adult exit holes to study and wider characterize populations of R. alpina, which includes e.g. inter-population, inter-habitat, or inter-host material comparisons and determination of adult body size changes over time-period.
The studies were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station at Pawłowice near Wrocław, Poland, in 1998-2000. The main aim of the study was to compare the natural reduction of the black bean aphid by predators in sugar-beet crop surrounded by strips of mixture of cultivated plants, weedy strips or bare soil. The lowest number of Aphis fabae insugar-beet crop was observed at the plots surrounded by strips of mixture of Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Coriandrum sativum, and at those surrounded by weedy strips. The greatest number of aphids was recorded on sugar-beet plots surrounded by bare soil. The relationships between the pest and its predators were the least stable in bare soil treatment. Significant pressure of predator activity in all treatments was shown in the first several days of the observation.
The article presents the fluctuation in Phyllonorycter platani population on plane trees in the urban area of Szczecin in 2005–2007. The species is well known in Europe for over 100 years. The first appearance of the pest was recorded in Poland in 1969. In the surrounding area of Szczecin P. platani was recorded in 1994. The result of presented studies revealed a decrease of the population of P. platani during the whole period of observation. In each year there was a slight increase in the number of insects, because of the developement of several pest generations yearly.
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