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Substances present in soils are of natural or anthropogenic origin. As a result of industrial activity, large quantities of potentially hazardous elements such as heavy metals are deposited in the environment. They may occur as unavailable (similar to the total form), or available for plants. The content of nickel in the soil from the former sanitary zone of the Głogów Copper Smelter does not exceed the Polish threshold values for industrial areas; however, its content may be influenced by other factors such as content of organic matter and soil reaction. In this article we present the results of the nickel pollution in the former sanitary zone of the Głogów Copper Smelter.
The Warmia and Mazury District (northeastern Poland) is oriented towards agro-forestry and is less populated then other regions of Poland. The main objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of road traffic (road S 51) on an increase in the concentrations of lead and cadmium in the soil surface layer and cereal grains (wheat and barley grown on an experimental farm). The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined in the studied material by atomic absorption spectrometry, following dry mineralization. The highest lead concentration was observed in soil samples collected at the starting point of sampling (10 m from the roadway edge). Road traffic load had no effect on lead concentration in the soil surface layer in samples taken more than 80 m from the road. Cadmium concentration in the soil did not depend on distance from the roadway. It was shown that differences in mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in barley and wheat grains were statistically significant. Lead and cadmium concentrations in all soil and grain samples analyzed were much lower than the maximum allowable levels in Poland of chemical impurities that can be present in foodstuffs and soils used for agricultural purposes.
The studies conducted from 1997 to 1999 in a vegetation hall were performed as a pot experiment on ordinary silt with cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 81.1 cmol (+) ˇ kg–1, pHKCl = 6.0 and organic C content of 9.5% serving as soil. Jerusalem artichoke, maize, Sida hermaphrodita Rusby, amaranth and hemp were used as indicator plants. The results confirmed, implied earlier, great diversification of the element contents which depends not only on the species but also on the part of plants. Analysis of the data revealed also another dependence: increased concentration of heavy metals in the soil corresponds to higher content of heavy metals in the plants. Significant differences were observed for the plant species from unpolluted and contaminated at various levels treatments.
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