Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych: individual differentiation

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

The role of individual differences in learner activation of language learning strategies. Part 1. The age factor: an overview of the research

100%

Dabrowska M.

Rozprawy Naukowe. Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Naukowa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

2009

tom 03

Since the early 1970s, it has been clear that there is neither a single, universal method of foreign language teaching/learning nor a single, unified set of techniques that could guarantee all learners’ successful accomplishment of the complex task of language learning. Learners are different and, therefore, even the most thoroughly planned and well designed syllabuses or learning agendas cannot prove fully effective if we ignore the crucial issue of individual learner differences. Apart from the age factor, which determines human cognitive, linguistic, social, and emotional development, there are many other individual variables which seem to influence the learning process and its outcomes. These comprise the learner’s cognitive/leam- ing styles and personality traits as well as his/her repertoire of strategies for language learning and use. In this series of three articles, the author presents an overview of research studies which show correlations between selected cognitive as well as affective factors and the learner’s individual choice and use of learning strategies. She also discusses implications for foreign language teaching/learning, focusing on the idea of learner strategy training.

Individual and sexual differences in the calls of the monomorphic White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata

67%

Volodin I. A., Volodina E. V., Klenova A. V., Filatova O. A.

Acta Ornithologica

2005

tom 40

nr 1

43-52

The White-faced Whistling Duck is a waterfowl species lacking any differences in ornamentation, coloration, size or behavior between the sexes. For distant communication, this species uses loud whistles. We analyzed 12 spectral parameters of 344 whistles from 23 captive adult ducks (14 males and 9 females). Discriminant analysis showed 94% correct assignment to an individual (N = 279 calls from 14 birds; 15-22 calls per bird). Separately for 8 males (162 calls) and for 6 females (117 calls), discriminant analysis showed 99% and 93% correct assignment to individuals respectively. Discriminant analysis for sex (N = 86; 3 calls from each of 14 males and 5 calls from each of 9 females) showed 100% correct assignment. Intersexual differences were governed by frequency parameters, the values of which were significantly higher in females than in males. Cluster analysis showed that differences between sexes were expressed significantly more strongly than the individual differences. The fact that the "acoustical keys" differed as regards the identification of individual birds or their sex may significantly enhance the reliability of acoustical recognition systems in the White-faced Whistling Duck. The data are discussed in the context of the biology of the Whitefaced Whistling Duck and significant intersexual differences in syringial and tracheal anatomy, which may be responsible for the sharp distinctions between the sexes in the calls of this species.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Ornithologica

1 Rozprawy Naukowe. Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Naukowa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej

1 Dabrowska M.

1 Filatova O. A.

1 Klenova A. V.

1 Volodin I. A.

1 Volodina E. V.

1 2009

1 2005

Wyniki wyszukiwania

The role of individual differences in learner activation of language learning strategies. Part 1. The age factor: an overview of the research

Individual and sexual differences in the calls of the monomorphic White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata