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One of the main dendrometric characteristics of Scots pine is the height increment. This characteristic is used to assess the condition of trees and determine radial increments in considered periods. Meteorological conditions have a large impact on the length increments, both during formation of buds and during tree growth. The duration of sunshine is one of the factors influencing the weather, thus the relationship between this factor and height increments was considered in this paper. The correlation coefficients and forward stepwise regression analysis were both used for this purpose. The significant dependences between increments in height of Scots pine and sunshine were shown. The sunshine in the vegetation season (current year) had the largest impact mainly in winter and spring months, as well as in July of the current year.
This paper presents results of analysis of the dynamics of growth and development of beech stands in the lower subalpine zone in the Bieszczady National Park from the point of view of size-volume interrelationships of the following three main forest-forming processes: thickness increment, the process of trees dying off in stands and growing of young trees to reach the layer of the manure stand. The obtained results confirmed that the examined beech forests exhibit similarity with multigenerational, complex forests of primeval character. An argument in favour of this includes in particular: high stand volume, good forest health condition and a positive relationship between the process of tree survival (volume increment and ingrowth) and the decrement process. The wide peak distance of culminations of two traits is characteristic too: the number of trees in the lowest diameter subclass and the volume in the diameter subclass several intervals higher.
Succession of woody species on bogs is a process limited by high groundwater table. In the case of drainage, this limiting factor becomes suppressed and succession may accelerate. The aim of the study was to assess the development of tree stands on a raised bog influenced by drainage and wild fire and to assess the dynamics of woody species encroachment. The study was conducted in the ‘Brzozowe Bagno koło Czaplinka’ nature reserve in NW Poland, where the originally unforested peat bog was influenced by peat harvesting, drainage and fire over 100 years. The diameter at breast height of tree species and natural regeneration were assessed. Six types of tree stands were distinguished: open bog, bog forest with Pinus sylvestris, early-, mid- and late-successional bog forest with Betula pubescens and pioneer forest with Populus tremula, which occurred in the post-fire sites. After ca 100 years of human activity on an unforested peat bog, dense forest emerged on almost all of the study area. Drainage and wildfire influenced tree stand structure. The course of succession most probably goes from open bog to pine bog forest and early-, mid- and late-successional birch forests. Regeneration of B. pubescens is a crucial phase of woody species succession, because this species creates suitable conditions for growth of late-successional species.
From among three stands, situated in the lower mountain zone, and representing the association Dentario-glandulosae Fagetum, the Łopuszna I stand, being in the growing up stage and phase of selection forest, reached the highest increment (8.5 m3/ha/year, i.e. 1.3% of actual stand volume/ha measured at the end of the control period). Stands, Łopuszna II, being in the stage of an intensive break-up, and Łopuszna III, being in the stage of an initial break-up, reached smaller increments (5.4 and 6.3 m3/ha/year respectively, i.e. each 0.9% of actual stand volume/ha). The greatest tree mortality occurred in stands Łopuszna II and III (14.1 and 10.5 m3/ha/year respectively), and the smallest in the stand Łopuszna I (4.8 m3/ha/year). The knowledge about the value of mortality, recruitment, and increment, expressed in the number of trees and in volume units, may greatly help in planning the amount of cut which would secure sustainability of the forest ecosystem in the layer of trees in the economic as well as in the protection forests, under similar stand and site conditions, managed by the selection cutting permitting to realize the conception of a close-to-nature silviculture.
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